第二篇

Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer

　　Dogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.

　　Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.

　　The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the let of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.

　　Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.

　　Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.

　　Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.

　　As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifyt-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.

　　The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.

　　During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.

　　Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.

　　36.The experiment was conducted in a
　　A.private home.
　　B.training school.
　　C.hospital.
　　D.police station.

　　37.The dog's average success rate was
　　A.56%
　　B.41%
　　C.22%
　　D.54%

　　38.Participants in the experiment were
　　A.36 bladder cancer patients.
　　B.144 cancer patients.
　　C.108 healthy people.
　　D.144 sick and healthy people.

　　39.The person who had tested healthy before the study
　　A.dropped out.
　　B.passed away.
　　C.was found to have cancer.
　　D.was found to remain healthy.

　　40.Which is NOT true of bladder cancer?
　　A.It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide.
　　B.It can be identified only by dogs.
　　C.It kills more than 100,000 people each year.
　　D.It is mainly caused by smoking.

　　第三篇

Trying to Find a Parther

　　One of the most striking findings of a recent poll  in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.

　　Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves?

　　It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn't expect his spouse to be  in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.

　　But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means  that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.

　　In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate （心上人） was constrained（限制） by geography,social convention and family  tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially  arranged.

　　Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon  in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster （牡蛎）,you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.

　　But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.

　　The expectations of partners are inflated（提高） to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.

　　We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn't,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.

　　41.What does the recent poll show?
　　A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.
　　B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl.
　　C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.
　　D.It is  getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.

　　42.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple?
　　A.The wife doesn't have to raise the children all by herself.
　　B.The husband doesn't have to support the family all by himself.
　　C.The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household.
　　D.They will receive a large sum of money from the govemment.

　　43.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one's choice of soulmate in the old days?
　　A.The health condition of his or her grandmother.
　　B.The geographical environment.
　　C.The social convention.
　　D.The family tradition.

　　44.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage?
　　A.Good looks.
　　B.An impressive career.
　　C.A high salary.
　　D.A fine sense  of humor.

　　45.The word"sustain"（paragraph 2）could be best replaced by
　　A."reduce".
　　B."shake".
　　C."maintain".
　　D."weaken".

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