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American high school students who slept less than seven hours each night during the pandemic were more likely to struggle in school.
在疫情期间，每晚睡眠时间不足7小时的美国高中生更有可能在学校表现不佳。
That finding comes from a recent study from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC.
这一发现来自美国疾病控制与预防中心最近的一项研究。
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that teenagers – people between the ages of 13 to 19 -- should sleep 8 to 10 hours a night.
美国睡眠医学学会建议，13至19岁的青少年每晚应睡8至10小时。
For the study, the CDC questioned 7,705 students about their sleep schedules and success in school.
在这项研究中，美国疾控中心询问了7705名学生的睡眠时间表和在校成绩。
More than two-thirds of students said they experienced more difficulty in their schoolwork during the pandemic than before the pandemic.
超过三分之二的学生表示，与疫情爆发前相比，在疫情期间他们在学业上遇到了更多的困难。
About 75 percent of students did not sleep enough during the pandemic, the study found.
研究发现，大约75%的学生在疫情期间睡眠不足。
"Students who experienced short sleep duration were more likely to report greater difficulty doing schoolwork during the pandemic than before the pandemic," the CDC said.
美国疾控中心表示，“与疫情爆发前相比，睡眠时间较短的学生在疫情期间更有可能在学业上遇到更大的困难。”
Duration is the length of time that something lasts.
Duration是指某事持续的时间长度。
Students who reported poor mental health during the pandemic were also more likely to get less sleep.
在疫情期间报告心理健康状况不佳的学生也更有可能睡眠不足。
Overall, 37 percent of students said they struggled with their mental health during the pandemic.
总体而言，37%的学生表示，在疫情期间，他们的心理健康状况不佳。
But about 50 percent of students who slept five hours or less each night said they had poor mental health.
但在每晚睡眠时间不超过5小时的学生中，约有50%的人表示他们的心理健康状况不佳。
As students recover from learning loss due to the pandemic, schools "can consider including policies and practices known to improve sleep duration," the CDC said.
美国疾控中心表示，随着学生从疫情造成的学业受损中恢复过来，学校“可以考虑纳入改善睡眠时间的政策和做法”。
Teenagers experience many physical changes when they go through puberty.
青少年在经历青春期时会经历许多生理变化。
Puberty also can cause changes in sleep patterns.
青春期也会导致睡眠模式的改变。
As children get older, there is a change in their circadian rhythms – the body's natural clock.
随着孩子年龄的增长，他们的生理节律——身体的自然钟——也会发生变化。
Before puberty, children may feel sleepy around 8 or 9 at night.
在青春期之前，孩子们可能会在晚上8点或9点左右感到困倦。
But when they get become teenagers, the body's clock changes to make them tired much later -- around 10 or 11 at night.
但当他们变成青少年时，他们的生物钟会改变，从而让他们困得晚——大约在晚上10点或11点。
Because of this, many teenagers may experience insomnia, or an inability to sleep.
正因为如此，许多青少年可能会失眠。
A 2020 study published in the journal Nature found that a consistent sleep schedule can improve test performance.
2020年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究发现，稳定的睡眠时间表可以提高考试成绩。
Students who consistently had good quality sleep were much more likely to do better on tests.
睡眠质量稳定的学生更有可能在考试中取得更好的成绩。
However, "there was no relation between sleep measures on the single night before a test and test performance," the study found.
然而，研究发现，“单次测试前一晚的睡眠质量与测试成绩之间没有关系。”
Instead, sleep length and quality "for the month and the week before a test correlated with better grades."
相反，“考试前一个月和一周的睡眠时间和质量与更好的成绩相关”。
The study looked at 100 college students.
这项研究调查了100名大学生。
However, the study's lead writer said the results could be applied to younger students as well.
然而，这项研究的主要作者表示，研究结果也适用于年龄较小的学生。
Some school systems around the U.S. are pushing back start times for high schools so students can get more sleep.
美国各地的一些学校系统正在推迟高中的上课时间，这样学生就可以有更多的睡眠时间。
Usually, high schools start the earliest compared to middle and elementary schools.
通常情况下，与初中和小学相比，高中上课的时间最早。
The National Center for Education Statistics says the average start time for U.S. high schools is 8 a.m.
美国国家教育统计中心表示，美国高中的平均上课时间是上午8点。
But the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a start time of 8:30.
但美国儿科学会建议8:30开始上课。
The organization Start School Later supports pushing back school start times.
“推迟上课时间”组织支持推迟上课时间。
It says at least 13,000 school systems in the United States have pushed back start times.
该组织表示，美国至少有1.3万个学校系统推迟了上课时间。
In 2022, California became the first state to require 8 a.m. start times for middle schools and 8:30 a.m. start times for high schools.
2022年，加利福尼亚州成为第一个要求初中上午8点上课、高中上午8:30上课的州。
The Lower Merion School district outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently voted to move the high school start time from 7:30 am to 8:40 a.m.
宾夕法尼亚州费城郊外的下梅里翁学区最近投票决定将高中的上课时间从上午7:30推迟到上午8:40。
The change will take effect in 2024.
这一改革将于2024年生效。
In Howard County, Maryland, the school board decided last month to move the high school start time to 8 a.m. starting next school year.
在马里兰州霍华德县，学校董事会上个月决定从下学年开始将高中的上课时间推迟到上午8点。
Most high schools in the county now begin at 7:25 a.m.
该县的大多数高中目前都在上午7点25分开始上课。
"We have taken a…significant step in the right direction to follow the science, to do what's best for students," Howard County board Chair Antonia Watts said after last month's vote.
霍华德县董事会主席安东尼娅·瓦茨在上个月的投票后说：“我们科学地朝着正确的方向迈出了重要的一步，做对学生最有利的事情。”
She said it took two years of discussions to make the change.
她说，做出这一改变花了两年的时间进行讨论。
Some parents argue that if school starts later, there will be less time for after-school activities.
有些家长认为，如果上课时间晚了，课外活动的时间就会减少。
The parents say a later start time would affect their own schedule.
家长们表示，推迟上课时间会影响他们自己的日程安排。
A July 2022 survey by the Sleep Foundation found that a little over one-third of parents supported later start times for schools.
睡眠基金会2022年7月的一项调查发现，支持推迟学校上课时间的家长占三分之一多一点。
The California Teachers Association (CTA) opposed the state requirement.
加州教师协会反对这一要求。
The group argued that even with later start times, students would still need to be dropped off at school at the same time.
该组织认为，即使推迟上课时间，学生仍然需要在同一时间被送到学校。
The time change, it said, would especially hurt working-class families.
该组织表示，上课时间的改变尤其会伤害工薪阶层家庭。
A CTA spokesperson told the Los Angeles Times, "there is not enough funding from the state for before school programs to ensure the safety of students who will be dropped off early."
一位加州教师协会的发言人告诉《洛杉矶时报》，“州政府没有足够的资金用于课前的教育项目，以确保提前到校的学生的安全。”
I'm Dan Novak. And I'm Caty Weaver.
丹·诺瓦克、凯蒂·韦弗共同为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
