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An experimental skin treatment might help young children who have strong reactions to peanuts.
一种实验性的皮肤疗法可能会对对花生有强烈反应的儿童有所帮助。
The new skin patch is designed to train the body to deal with the food allergy.
这种新的皮肤贴片旨在训练身体应对食物过敏。
An allergy is a strong sometimes dangerous reaction that comes after eating, touching or breathing something that is harmless to most people.
过敏是在食用、接触或呼吸了对大多数人无害的东西后发生的一种强烈的、有时是危险的反应，发生。
About two percent of U.S. children are allergic to peanuts.
大约2%的美国儿童对花生过敏。
Some are so allergic that even a small amount can cause a life-threatening reaction.
有些孩子即使食用了少量的花生也会产生危及生命的反应。
Some children outgrow the allergy.
有些孩子长大后就不再过敏了。
But many must avoid peanuts for life and carry medicine to treat a severe reaction if they accidentally eat peanuts.
但许多人必须终生避免吃花生，并随身携带药物，以防不小心吃了花生后出现严重的反应。
In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first treatment to increase tolerance to peanuts.
2020年，美国食品药品监督管理局批准了第一种提高花生耐受性的治疗方法。
The treatment is called Palforzia. It targets four to 17-year-old children and is eaten daily.
这种疗法被称为Palforzia。它的目标人群是4到17岁的儿童，每天都得服用。
The California-based drug company Aimmune Therapeutics makes Palforzia.
总部位于加利福尼亚州的制药公司Aimmune Therapeutics生产Palforzia。
The treatment is also being tested on children younger than four.
这种疗法也在四岁以下的儿童身上进行测试。
The new patch is called Viaskin.
这种新贴片被称为Viaskin。
It provides a similar treatment to Palforzia but through the skin.
它提供了与Palforzia类似的治疗方法，但是要通过皮肤进行治疗。
France's DBV Technologies is researching skin-based treatments as another way to help the body tolerate allergens like peanuts.
法国的DBV科技公司正在研究一种基于皮肤的治疗方法，作为帮助人体耐受花生等过敏原的另一种方法。
The Viaskin patch is covered with a small amount of peanut protein that the skin takes in.
Viaskin贴片上有少量皮肤可以吸收的花生蛋白。
A daily patch is worn in the upper-middle part of the back, where young children cannot pull it off.
每天都要在背部的中上部贴上一块贴片，这样小孩子就无法把它扯下来。
On May 11, the New England Journal of Medicine published a study on peanut allergies involving 362 young children ages one to three.
5月11日，《新英格兰医学杂志》发表了一项关于花生过敏的研究，涉及362名1至3岁的幼儿。
The children were tested for the allergy and received the treatment for one year.
这些儿童接受了过敏测试，并接受了为期一年的治疗。
After 12 months, researchers said the children who took the skin-based treatment showed more tolerance or less severe reactions than those who had taken no effective treatment, or a placebo.
12个月后，研究人员表示，与没有接受有效治疗或服用安慰剂的儿童相比，接受皮肤治疗的儿童表现出更强的耐受性，反应也更轻。
Dr. Matthew Greenhawt is an allergist at Children's Hospital Colorado who helped lead the study.
马修·格林霍特博士是科罗拉多州儿童医院的过敏症专科医师，他帮助领导了这项研究。
He said, if additional testing shows good results, "this would fill a huge unmet need."
他说，如果进一步的测试结果良好，“这将填补巨大的未得到满足的需求。”
The researchers said that about two thirds of the children who used the real patch could safely eat more peanuts, about three to four.
研究人员表示，大约三分之二使用了真正贴片的儿童可以安全地吃更多的花生，大约三到四颗。
That compares to about one third of the children who were given the patch without the peanut protein: the placebo.
相比之下，使用了不含花生蛋白的贴片（即安慰剂）的儿童约有三分之一。
Greenhawt said that group likely included children who were outgrowing the allergy during the test.
格林霍特说，这一群体可能包括那些在测试过程中逐渐不再过敏的儿童。
Four children receiving Viaksin experienced an allergic reaction called anaphylaxis that was found to be related to the patch.
四名接受Viaksin治疗的儿童出现了一种过敏反应，这种反应被发现与该贴片有关。
Three were treated with the medicine epinephrine to calm the reaction, and one dropped out of the study as a result.
其中三人接受了肾上腺素药物治疗以平息反应，一人因此退出了研究。
Some of the children also accidentally ate foods containing peanuts during the study.
一些孩子在研究过程中还不小心吃了含有花生的食物。
Researchers said allergic reactions happened less often among the Viaskin users than those wearing the patches without peanut protein.
研究人员表示，与使用不含花生蛋白的贴片的人相比，使用Viaskin贴片的人发生过敏反应的频率较低。
The most common side effect was skin irritation around the patch.
最常见的副作用是贴片周围的皮肤刺激。
The results "are very good news for toddlers and their families as the next step toward a future with more treatments for food allergies," said Dr. Alkis Togias of the National Institutes of Health.
美国国立卫生研究院的阿尔基斯·托吉亚斯博士说，该研究结果“对学步儿童和他们的家人来说是个非常好的消息，因为未来会有更多的食物过敏治疗方法。”
He was not involved with the study.
他没有参与这项研究。
Togias warned that it is too early to compare treatment by skin and by mouth.
托吉亚斯警告称，现在比较皮肤治疗和口服治疗还为时过早。
But he pointed to data suggesting that both have different good and bad effects.
但他指出，数据表明，两者都有不同的正面和负面影响。
He suggested that treatment by the mouth might be stronger but also might cause more side effects.
他表示，口服治疗可能会更有效，但也可能会产生更多副作用。
DBV Technologies also struggled for several years to bring the peanut patch to market.
DBV科技公司也花了数年时间才将花生贴片推向市场。
Last month the company announced that the FDA wanted additional safety research for toddlers.
上个月，该公司宣布，美国食品药品监督管理局希望对学步儿童进行额外的安全性研究。
At least two studies are reportedly being carried out.
据报道，目前正在进行至少两项研究。
One is researching a longer treatment program.
第一项是研究长期治疗方案。
A second study is targeting four- to seven-year-olds.
第二项研究针对的是四到七岁的儿童。
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
