海明威被爆是失败的克格勃间谍

来源：Guardian(卫报)       编辑：Vicki

时至今日，海明威在人们的眼中一直是个传奇人物，一直吸引着人民的关注。几乎每个月都有一片新的关于海明威的传记片出来，一部新的回忆录。上周，一部侦探小说的出版再一次把人们的眼球吸引到了这位传奇人物身上。 John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr和Alexander Vassiliev在自己最新的间谍小说《克格勃在美国的兴衰》书中称海明威事实上是一名失败的克格勃间谍。

Hemingway revealed as failed KGB spy

Up till now, this has been a notably （显而易见的）cheerful year for admirers of Ernest Hemingway – a surprisingly diverse set of people who range from Michael Palin to Elmore Leonard. Almost every month has brought good news: a planned Hemingway biopic（传记片）; a new, improved version of his memoir, A Moveable Feast; the opening of a digital archive（档案文件） of papers found in his Cuban home; progress on a movie of Islands in the Stream.

Last week, however, saw the publication of Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America（克格勃在美国的兴与衰） (Yale University Press), which reveals the Nobel prize-winning novelist was for a while on the KGB's list of its agents in America. Co-written by John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, the book is based on notes that Vassiliev, a former KGB officer, made when he was given access in the 90s to Stalin-era intelligence archives in Moscow.

Its section on the author's secret life as a "dilettante（半吊子） spy" draws on his KGB file in saying he was recruited in 1941 before making a trip to China, given the cover name "Argo", and "repeatedly expressed his desire and willingness to help us" when he met Soviet agents in Havana and London in the 40s. However, he failed to "give us any political information" and was never "verified in practical work", so contacts with Argo had ceased by the end of the decade. Was he only ever a pseudo-spook, possibly seeing his clandestine（黑市交易） dealings as potential literary material, or a genuine but hopelessly ineffective one?

The latter reading would chime with（与……一致） his attempts to assist the US during the second world war in his fishing boat El Pilar, patrolling waters north of Cuba in search of U-Boats, making coded notes but only one sighting.

Revelations（泄露） made in recent years have not been kind to some of the writers and artists who made their reputations in the Spanish civil war. George Orwell's list of public figures who were crypto-communists（共产党秘密党员）, prepared for a Foreign Office propaganda arm in 1949, sullied his saintly image when it was published six years ago. Research in Soviet archives led Antony Beevor to call Andre Malraux a "mythomaniac（说谎狂）". Robert Capa has been accused of faking the best-known photo of that conflict. The virulent（剧毒的） hatred of Arabs of Martha Gellhorn - Hemingway's third wife, who covered the civil war with him - has been exposed. And now it's the turn of Hemingway himself, the biggest name of all, to lose some of his lustre.

Keke View：海明威，E.）（Ernest Hemingway l899～1961）
    美国小说家。1954年度的诺贝尔文学奖获得者。生于乡村医生家庭，从小喜欢钓鱼、打猎、音乐和绘画，曾作为红十字会车队司机参加第一次世界大战，以后长期担任驻欧记者，并曾以记者身份参加第二次世界大战和西班牙内战。晚年患多种疾病，精神十分抑郁，经多次医疗无效，终用猎枪自杀。他的早期长篇小说《太阳照样升起》（1927）、《永别了，武器》（1927）成为表现美国“迷惘的一代”的主要代表作。30、40年代他转而塑造摆脱迷惘、悲观，为人民利益而英勇战斗和无畏牺牲的反法西斯战士形象（剧本《第五纵队》1938），长篇小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》（1940）。50年代后，他继续发展20年代短篇小说《打不败的人》和《五万大洋》的宁折不弯主题，塑造了以桑提亚哥为代表的“可以把他消灭，但就是打不败他”的“硬汉性格”（代表作中篇小说《老人与海》1950）。在艺术上，他那简约有力的文体和多种现代派手法的出色运用，在美国文学中曾引起过一场“文学革命”，许多欧美作家都明显受到了他的影响。