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2009年6月英语四级语法备战-四级语法精要

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3) 不带to 的不定式:

a) 在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.

John made her tell him everything.

这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.

She was made to tell him everything.

b) 在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.

I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.

They cannot but accept his term.

c) 在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.

John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.

I’ve heard tell of him.

d) 在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.

Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?

e) 在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.

There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.

Smith will do anything but work on a farm.

There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.

f) 连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.

Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.

出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.

He decided to write rather than telephone.

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.

g) 用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”,“thing +关系分句”,“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成,并带有do的某种形式,这时,作为主语补语的不定式可以省to,也可以不省.

What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.

All you do now is complete the form

The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.

The thing to do now is clear up this mess.

The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.

重点单词   查看全部解释    
species ['spi:ʃiz]

想一想再看

n. (单复同)物种,种类

 
institution [.insti'tju:ʃən]

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n. 机构,制度,创立

联想记忆
exempt [ig'zempt]

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n. 免税者,被免除义务者
adj. 免除的<

联想记忆
encouragement [in'kʌridʒmənt]

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n. 鼓励

 
acceptable [ək'septəbl]

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adj. 合意的,受欢迎的,可接受的

联想记忆
certain ['sə:tn]

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adj. 确定的,必然的,特定的
pron.

 
particular [pə'tikjulə]

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adj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的
n.

联想记忆
keenly

想一想再看

adv. 敏锐地;锐利地;强烈地

 
liberal ['libərəl]

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adj. 慷慨的,大方的,自由主义的
n. 自

联想记忆
attentive [ə'tentiv]

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adj. 注意的,留意的

联想记忆


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