1. preceding a.在先的，在前的，前面的
例句：In the years immediately preceding the outbreak of war in1939, Hitler succeeded in annexing various parts of Europe to Germany without firing a shot.
在1939年大战爆发的前几年，希特勒没开一抢而成功地把欧洲许多地区并吞为德国领土。
2. disgrace n. 耻辱, 不名誉
例句：Poverty is not a disgrace, but theft is a disgrace.
贫穷不丢人,偷窃不光采。
3. dignify vt.使有尊严
例句：It does not dignify the human condition. It does not elevate the human spirit.
它不能使人活得更有尊严,不能提升人的精神生活。