听力原文:
EVERY so often, organisations become bywords for something else. Apple means elegance, Berkshire Hathaway loyalty and BlackBerry decline. Alas, FIFA, the governing body of world football, spells corruption. Sprucing up this most tarnished of brands will take more than a bit of tinkering with the way FIFA is run.
重点词汇：

1 byword N-COUNT （某一特征的）代名词，代表人物，典型事物
Someone or something that is a byword for a particular quality is well known for having that quality.
2 Berkshire Hathaway 伯克希尔哈撒韦公司总部所在地：美国主要业务：保险;
3 alas (old use,or literary) used to show you are sad or sorry （表示悲伤或遗憾）哎呀，唉
4 spruce 动词短语 spruce up, spruce sb/sth/yourself up to make sb/sth/yourself clean and neat 打扮；把…收拾整洁
5 tarnish VERB 玷污，败坏，损害(名誉或形象)
If you say that something tarnishes someone's reputation or image, you mean that it causes people to have a worse opinion of them than they would otherwise have had.
6 tinker VERB 小修;小补;摆弄
If you tinker with something, you make some small changes to it, in an attempt to improve it or repair it.

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