评论
打印
Your nose! It probably isn't something you think about all that much,
你的鼻子！它可能没你想的那么复杂，
at least until it starts gushing blood everywhere.
至少在它开始往外喷血之前是这样的。
Nosebleeds can show up out of nowhere, and some people get more of them than others.
你可能突然就流鼻血了，而一些人会流的比其他人更多。
Sometimes when a character on TV gets a nosebleed, it's like a sign that something is seriously wrong with them,
有时在电视中当一名演员流鼻血，这就是他们身体出现严重问题的信号，
but in real life there's usually nothing to worry about.
但是在现实生活中，流鼻血并没有什么好担心的。
How often they happen mostly depends on how dry your nose is or on how often you stick your finger up there.
流鼻血的频率通常取决于你鼻子的干燥程度或你插鼻孔的频率。
Up to 60% of people will get a nosebleed at least once in their lives which shocks me because, like,
超过60%的人一生中至少会流一次鼻血，这简直让我震惊，因为
who are these people who don't get nosebleeds and how can I be one of them?
那些不流鼻血的人，我怎样才能成为其中一员？
That's probably because those people get sick more easily, which can irritate their noses.
那可能是因为那些人更容易生病，从而刺激了他们的鼻子。
A nosebleed starts when blood vessels rupture in your nose,
当你鼻子里的血管破裂就会流鼻血，
so if you've heard that the blood is coming from your brain, that's almost definitely not what's happening.
因此如果你听说血液从大脑中而来，那几乎绝对不会发生的。
Nosebleeds can be caused by a tumor or brain hemorrhage or if you're Eleven from Stranger Things using your psychic powers,
流鼻血可能由肿块或脑出血引起或者如果你是《奇怪物语》中使用超自然能力的Eleven，
but all those things are super rare.
但以上所有都是超级少见的。
And even though it looks like a lot of blood, that's just because your nose is packed with blood vessels, not cause your brain is leaking.
虽然看起来是流了很多血，但那只是因为你的鼻子被血管塞满而不是因为你的大脑漏血了。
The official term for a nosebleed is epistaxis, and there are two kinds of them.
流鼻血的官方术语是鼻出血，鼻出血分为两种。
The most common type is anterior epistaxis where blood vessels from a group inside your nostrils rupture, and usually it only involves one nostril.
最常见的类型是前鼻出血，是由你鼻孔内的一组血管破裂引起，这种情况通常只发生在一只鼻孔内。
The group of blood vessels is called Kiesselbach's plexus or Little's area after the doctors who first described it,
第一位发现这种情况的医生将这组血管称为克氏静态丛或Little区，
and those nosebleeds can usually be treated at home.
这类流鼻血通常都可在家进行治疗。
A nosebleed can also start in the back of the nose.
流鼻血也可以发生在鼻子后边。
Those are called posterior nosebleeds and they usually involve both nostrils.
那些被称为后部流鼻血，这种情况通常会发生在两个鼻孔内。
They can be more serious and sometimes require a doctor,
这种情况更为严重且通常需要看医生，
and they often happen in the elderly because of other health problems, like high blood pressure.
通常会因为其他一些健康问题而在老年人中常见，比如高血压。
They start when arteries rupture from a group called Woodruff's plexus,
当一组鼻咽静脉丛血管破裂时就会发生这种情况，
and since they're closer to the back of your throat, the blood can sometimes drain down there and cause nausea or vomiting.
而因为它们离喉咙的后部更近，所以血液有时会排入喉咙中并引发恶心或呕吐。
No nosebleed is like, fun, exactly but that sounds especially awful.
任何一种流鼻血的情况都不有趣但听起来特别的可怕。
Most nosebleeds happen spontaneously.
多数流鼻血都是无意识的。
One day you're enjoying life, and then suddenly warm nose waterfall!
某天你可能正在享受生活，温暖的鼻子瀑布就会突然爆发。
They usually happen when things like dry air, smoke, or dehydration dry out some of the mucus that protects your nasal septum,
它们通常发生在空气干燥的情况或是脱水使得保护你鼻中隔的粘液变得干燥的情况下，
that barrier that splits your nose into two nostrils.
鼻中隔就是将你的鼻子分割成两个鼻孔的屏障。
That leaves your nose's sensitive membranes more exposed, so blood vessels rupture more easily.
那会使你鼻子的敏感膜更加暴露，所以血管更加容易破裂。
They can also happen of course if you get punched in the face, or run into something,
当然如果你脸上挨揍了或是撞上什么东西了，也会流鼻血，
or if you're a little too enthusiastic about picking your nose and scratch open some of those blood vessels,
或是如果你热衷于挖鼻孔并抓破了一些里边的血管，
but those causes are, you know, pretty easy to figure out.
但这种情况下的流鼻血，你懂得，很容易就能止住。
Most of the time, applying pressure to your nose will slow the bleeding,
大多数情况下向你的鼻子施压会减慢流鼻水的速度，
so cells like platelets can create blood clots to seal the hole.
因此像血小板这样的细胞可以创造出血栓封住破裂处。
In serious cases a doctor might actually have to close the wound with chemicals like silver nitrate,
在严重的情况下，需要一名医生使用硝酸银之类的化学品闭合伤口，
or by inserting an artificial blood clot.
或是嵌入一块人工血凝块。
But it'll normally stop on its own.
但是一般都是靠鼻子自己止血。
So if you do get a nosebleed, especially the kind where you bleed from the front of your nose,
所以如果你流鼻血了，特别是那种鼻子前部流血的情况，
it's most likely from dry weather, allergies, or because somebody punched you in the face,
很有可能是天气干燥、过敏或因为脸被别人打了，
or you scratched your nose with your big ol' fingernail trying to get that massive bogey out of there.
或者是你用大拇指挖鼻屎造成的。
Anyway, there's not much need to worry.
总而言之，这没什么好担心的。
Just try to keep your nose clean and hydrated so your natural mucus can do its thing,
试着保持鼻子的干净和湿润，这样你鼻内的天然粘液就可以正常工作，
and don't get in the way of anybody's fists.
不要往别人的拳头上贴。
Also if you've never experienced a nosebleed, congrats!
还有如果你从没流过鼻血，恭喜你！
You might live in an especially humid area, or you might have just hit the genetic jackpot and you have nice wet mucous membranes.
你可能生活在尤为湿润的地区，或者你可能中了基因大奖有很好的湿润黏膜。
If you're one of those people, let us know!
如果你从未流过鼻血，请告诉我们！
Maybe we'll have a little poll on this one. A little poll. In that corner.
或许我们对此进行一个小小的投票。小小的投票，在那个角落里。
Thanks to Patreon patron, Scarlett, for asking this question, and thanks to all of our patrons who make this possible.
感谢Patreon的观众，Scarlett，谢谢提问，谢谢所有为本期视频提供支持的你们。
If you got questions you would like answered or want to support the show, check us out on patreon.com/scishow
如果你有问题或是想支持本节目，登录我们的网站patreon.com/scishow。
