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Picture this: You're out on the road with your buds, and it's hot.
想象一下这样一个画面：你和朋友走外边，天气很热。
Like, "I chugged a huge water bottle to stay hydrated" hot.
就像是，“我喝了巨大一瓶水来补水”这样的炎热。
You're pulling into the next road stop, and of course, you really need to pee. But can you?
你要把车开到下一站，当然，你真的需要上厕所。但是你尿的出来吗？
If you're the kind of person who would run into the bathroom without a care,
如果你是那种会毫不在乎地冲进厕所的人，
and have no idea why this would be an issue, you probably don't suffer from paruresis.
并且压根不明白这也是个问题的话，那么你可能没有膀胱害羞症。
Often called "Shy Bladder Syndrome", paruresis is the inability to pee in public.
膀胱害羞症是指不能在公共场所小便。
The good news is though, with a little psychological wizardry, it's super treatable.
但好消息是，用一点心理魔法，它是可治疗的。
This condition affects all kinds of people, and while researchers don't have a great estimate of how many it affects,
这种情况会影响到各种各样的人，虽然研究人员并没有估计它会影响多少人，
the International Paruresis Association gives a cautious estimate of around 7%.
国际膀胱害羞症协会给出了一个谨慎估计—约7%的人。
There are differing levels of severity, and symptoms can include a wide array of things,
其严重程度各不相同，症状可能包括很多方面，
like fear of people hearing or smelling you pee, negative self-talk,
比如害怕别人听到或闻到你在尿尿、消极的自我对话、
the inability to pee at home when guests are around, or the need for complete privacy when going to the bathroom.
有客人在家的时候也尿不出来或是去厕所时需要完全的私人环境。
It can also result in someone not drinking enough so they won't need to urinate in public, or avoiding travel and social events.
结果会导致为了不去公共厕所小便而饮水不足，或避免旅游和社交活动。
In the DSM-V, which is the main manual doctors use to make mental health diagnoses, paruresis is listed as a kind of social phobia.
在DSM-V手册中（医生用于精神健康诊断的主要手册），膀胱害羞症被列为一种社交恐惧症。
And as with many phobias, it can be hard to pinpoint the exact cause.
和很多恐惧症一样，很难找出确切的原因。
For some people, it might have come from a specific bathroom-related incident,
对一些人而言，这可能源自一件和厕所相关的特别事故，
but for others, it could be part of a more general social anxiety.
但对其他人而言，这可能是一种更普遍的社会焦虑的一部分。
In general, studies show that people with the condition often anticipate that they might somehow be judged for peeing.
总之，研究表明患有这种疾病的人通常认为人们会对他们小便评头论足。
That, in turn, makes them freeze up, so they can't relax and just go with the flow.
这反过来让他们怯场，所以他们无法轻松的尿尿。
Of course, psychological conditions like this are often on a spectrum,
当然，和它类似的心理问题通常都在一个光谱上，
so if you've found it hard to pee in public once or twice, you're probably fine.
所以如果你发现自己有一两次在公厕尿不出来，这没事。
But if you're having ongoing or significant problems with this,
但如果你在这方面有持续性或严重问题，
and there's no evidence of something physically stopping you from urinating, it's likely worth talking to your doctor.
并且没有证据表明身体上有什么东西阻止你小便，那么你可能得和你的医生聊聊了。
Also, if you do happen to suffer from a shy bladder, you're in luck.
还有，如果你恰有膀胱害羞症，那么你还是很幸运的。
There are treatment options, and they can be very effective.
有一些治疗方案，它们会非常有效。
Some people find relief in relaxation techniques, like doing some breathing
一些人在放松技巧中找到了解脱，比如深呼吸
and trying to mentally put yourself elsewhere when you're in a restroom.
并且在洗手间里的时候，试着想象自己是在其他地方。
Others might turn to cognitive behavioral therapy,
其他人可能求助于认知行为治疗，
which is aimed at addressing the negative beliefs surrounding psychological issues.
其旨在解决围绕心理问题的消极信念。
For example, if someone isn't peeing because they think people might judge them,
例如，如果有人尿不出来是因为他们认为人们会对他们评头论足，
they'll gradually work through what's propping up that false belief until it's no longer an issue.
那么他们会慢慢弄清是什么支撑着这个错误的信念，直到它不再是一个问题。
There's also graded exposure therapy, where someone works up to facing their fear by taking smaller,
还有分级暴露疗法，通过采取更小、更容易控制的步骤来面对他们的恐惧，
more manageable steps, usually over the course of a few weeks.
通常需要几周的时间。
For paruresis, that involves trying to pee in increasingly public bathrooms.
对于膀胱害羞症而言，这包括尝试越来越多地在公厕小便。
And this particular therapy is often the first port of call to get over phobias.
这种特殊的疗法通常是克服恐惧症的第一步。
So if you're holding it in about having to hold it in, you can always go talk to your doctor! It's likely they'll be able to help.
所以如果你不得不憋着，那么你可以去和你的医生聊聊。他们很可能会帮忙。
This episode of SciShow is brought to you by our patrons on Patreon!
本期《科学秀》由Patreon赞助人赞助播出！
Thanks to Oliver Fernandez for asking the question, and to everyone who voted to have it answered.
感谢Oliver Fernandez的提问，感谢每一位给这个问题投票的人。
If you want to ask a question yourself, vote on the next one we talk about,
如果你想提问，请在下期话题中投票，
or just support the show, you can go over to patreon.com/scishow.
或者前往patreon.com/scishow支持本节目。
