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经济学人:英国铁路(5)

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On shorter lines, the open-access approach is harder to pull off. Busy commuter routes have such tightly packed services that arranging a timetable around several companies would be a recipe for chaos. So an alternative approach is to grant concessions in which a single operator signs a contract to run all services on a line, and sometimes to maintain the track as well. London’s Docklands Light Railway, which has the happiest rail passengers in the capital, is run like this by Keolis, a French firm. Three of Britain’s four most punctual rail firms are concessions.

在更短的线路上,开放访问方法更难实现。繁忙的通勤线路上的服务是如此的紧凑,以至于在几个公司之间安排一个时间表将会导致混乱。因此,另一种方法是给予特许,由一个运营商签订合同,在一条线路上运行所有的服务,有时也要维护线路。伦敦的Docklands轻轨是首都最幸福的铁路,由一家法国公司Keolis运营。英国最守时的四家铁路公司中有三家是特许经营。

railway.jpg

Granting concessions doesn’t give passengers a choice about how they travel. Yet an element of competition can be introduced by re-opening alternative lines that were closed half a century ago. In 2016 Chiltern Railways opened a London-Oxford line that had been closed by British Rail in the 1960s, when rail use was in decline. Within a few months the incumbent on a rival line, GWR, cut ticket prices and introduced free Wi-Fi. Some have proposed reopening a 40-mile stretch of the Great Central Railway between Aylesbury and Rugby to provide competition for the West Coast mainline between London and the north.

给予优惠并不能让乘客选择如何出行。然而,通过重新开放半个世纪前关闭的替代线路,可以引入竞争的元素。2016年,奇尔顿铁路公司开通了一条伦敦至牛津的铁路线。上世纪60年代,当铁路使用量下降时,英国铁路公司关闭了这条铁路线。几个月后,竞争对手GWR公司降低了票价,并推出了免费Wi-Fi。一些人提议重新开放艾尔斯伯里和拉格比之间长达40英里的中央铁路,为伦敦和北部之间的西海岸干线提供竞争。
There may be little case for turning back the clock to the 1980s, before privatisation. But going back even further, to the days when passengers had a real choice of which line to take, is a promising alternative.
或许没有什么理由让时光倒流到私有化之前的上世纪80年代。但再往前追溯,回到乘客可以真正选择乘坐哪条线路的年代,这是一个很有前途的选择。

译文由可可原创,仅供学习交流使用,未经许可请勿转载。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
competition [kɔmpi'tiʃən]

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n. 比赛,竞争,竞赛

 
element ['elimənt]

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n. 元素,成分,组成部分,(复数)恶劣天气

 
stretch [stretʃ]

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n. 伸展,张开
adj. 可伸缩的

 
incumbent [in'kʌmbənt]

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adj. 凭依的,依靠的,负有义务的 n. 领圣职的俸禄

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rival ['raivəl]

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n. 对手,同伴,竞争者
adj. 竞争的

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decline [di'klain]

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n. 衰微,跌落; 晚年
v. 降低,婉谢

 
recipe ['resipi]

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n. 食谱,秘诀,药方

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approach [ə'prəutʃ]

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n. 接近; 途径,方法
v. 靠近,接近,动

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contract ['kɔntrækt,kən'trækt]

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n. 合同,契约,婚约,合约
v. 订合同,缩

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chaos ['keiɔs]

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n. 混乱,无秩序,混沌

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关键字: 铁路 英国 经济学人

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