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There's a good chance you're familiar with something called motor learning,
或许大家对一种被称为动作学习的东西很熟悉，
a.k.a. "motor memory" or, more commonly "muscle memory."
也被称为“运动记忆”，更常见的叫法是“肌肉记忆”。
This is the thing that allows someone to ride a bike after many years away from the pedals,
肌肉记忆可以让人们在远离脚踏板多年后，仍会骑自行车，
or tie their shoes after wearing sandals all summer.
或是夏天穿完凉拖后，仍会系鞋带。
But while it's super cool and convenient and good, the names for this phenomenon can also be a little misleading.
虽然它超级酷、很方便也很棒，但这种现象的名称也可能有点误导人。
Because like, let's be real: Muscles don't store memories. They're muscles, not brains.
因为现实是：肌肉不储存记忆，它们是肌肉不是大脑。
Except… here's the weird part: Muscles can remember some things! Just not in the way you'd think.
但……奇怪的是：肌肉可以记住一些东西！只是方式和你想的不一样。
This phenomenon has to do with muscle strength.
这种现象和肌肉强度有关。
Basically, if you work out, your muscles will kind of "remember" what it's like to be strong.
总的来说，锻炼后，你的肌肉会“记住”肌肉的强度。
So even if you take some time off from the gym,
即便你有些时间没去健身房了，
you'll be able to bulk up faster when you return than if you had never started exercising.
当你再来健身房时，你的肌肉会比你从来没有开始锻炼的时候长得更快。
It sounds like it should be a fake life hack, but it's legit! And it happens because of how muscles grow.
听起来这应该是一个假的生存术，但确实如此！这和肌肉的增长方式有关。
Whenever you increase the demand on your muscles — like by weight lifting, jogging,
当你对肌肉的需求增加时—比如举重、慢跑
or or suddenly having to carry a 2 year old around all the time — you cause small tears in the tissue.
突然要一直扛起一个两岁的孩子—你的组织中会有小小的撕裂。
These microtraumas release molecules that signal nearby satellite cells to swoop in and repair the damage.
这些微创伤会释放出分子，这些分子向附近的卫星细胞发出信号，让它们侵入并修复损伤。
And during the repair, your muscle cells get thicker and stronger as new muscle fibers grow.
修复期间，随着新的肌肉纤维的增长，你的肌肉细胞会越来越厚，越来越强壮。
To help with all of this, some of the satellite cells even donate their nuclei to your muscle tissue. And that is a big deal.
为了解决这些问题，一些卫星细胞甚至将自己的细胞核捐献给你的肌肉组织。这是一件大事。
Nuclei in muscle cells are called myonuclei, and they're responsible for telling your cells to make proteins.
肌肉细胞中的核心被称为肌核，它们负责告诉你的细胞制造蛋白质。
So the more myonuclei you have, the faster you can create the protein you need to get stronger.
所以你拥有的肌核越多，变强壮所需蛋白质的创造速度就越快。
This is awesome when you're training, but here's the best part:
当你在训练时，这是很棒的，但这是最棒的部分：
These nuclei stick around in your cells even when you lose muscle mass.
即使你没有了肌肉质量，这些细胞核也会留在你的细胞里。
So even if you take a break from exercising for a while, you'll be able to recover more easily when you get back.
所以即便你有段时间没有运动，重新运动时，肌肉也会很容易恢复。
You'll get stronger faster than the newbie over on the next treadmill. It's possible that these benefits last for a long time, too.
你会比下一个跑步机上的新手更强壮。这些好处也可能持续很长时间。
Studies in rats and insects have shown that, once muscle cells acquire myonuclei,
对老鼠和昆虫的研究表明，一旦肌肉细胞需要肌核，
they persist even after significant amounts of muscle atrophy.
即使在大量的肌肉萎缩之后，它们仍然存在。
So if this is also true in humans, it could mean that being fit earlier in life would carry over into old age.
人类也一样，这可能意味着早年身体健康会延续到老年。
It would be easier for you to get stronger even during a time where muscle atrophy is common.
即使在肌肉萎缩很常见的时候，你也更容易变得强壮。
And since muscle strength impacts things like bone health, that could have a huge impact on your quality of life.
肌肉强度会影响到骨骼等的健康，这会对你的生活质量造成巨大影响。
So knowing this, I expect to see, out by the river in Missoula, Montana,
知道这一点后，我希望看到在蒙大纳米苏拉市的河边
just lots of SciShow employees and SciShow audience just lifting rocks, and puttin em down and lifting em again.
有很多科学秀员工和观众在一遍遍的搬石头。
It's time! For us to be Rock Lifters! Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow!
是时候了!让我们成为岩石升降机！感谢收看本期节目！
If you want to learn more about how motor memory works,
如果你想了解更多运动记忆的知识，
and why riding a bike is just like… well, riding a bike… you can check out our episode over on SciShow Psych.
以及为什么骑自行车就像……骑自行车……你可以在《心理科学秀》上看到我们的节目。
Did you know we have a psychology channel? Go subscribe to that!
大家知道我们还有个心理学栏目了么？去订阅吧！
