评论
打印
Food delivery. It's the thing that saves millennials from starvation.
外卖：它让千禧一代免于挨饿。
By my calculations, Americans order over 20 million restaurant deliveries every single day.
根据我的计算，美国人每天会订购超过2000万份外卖。
Over half of these deliveries are actually within walking distance.
这些外卖中超过半数实际上在步行距离之内。
But nine out of 10 are delivered in cars.
但十分之九是开车送达的。
So basically, we are moving a two-pound burrito in a two-ton car 20 million times a day.
也就是说，我们每天在用两吨重的汽车将一公斤的墨西哥卷饼运送2000万次。
The energy to bring you that burrito is actually bringing you a two-ton metal cage with heated seats.
为你送来墨西哥卷饼的能量实际是用在了为你送来一台两吨重的、带加热座椅的金属笼子上。
Let's be honest. We are addicted to our cars.
说实话，我们沉迷于开车。
Did you know that in America, for every car, there are four parking spots?
你是否知道在美国，每辆车都有四个停车位？
In some downtowns, over half of the real estate is for cars.
在某些市区，一半以上的地产被用于停放汽车。
We have designed our cities around our cars, because we drive whether we're going two miles or 200 miles.
我们围绕汽车设计了城市，因为无论要去3公里还是300公里以外的地方，我们都会开车。
Solo, or with our whole family. We get into the same SUV to go buy coffee or a coffee table.
无论是独自一人，还是带上全家。我们坐上同一辆SUV去买咖啡，或是咖啡桌。
If we could free up some of these streets and parking lots, we could build more housing, more social spaces, more parks.
如果我们能够腾出其中一些街道和停车场，我们就可以修建更多的住房、社交空间和公园。
But to do that, first, we need to rethink how we are using cars today.
但是要做到这一点，首先，我们需要重新思考我们如今是如何使用汽车的。
In the city of the future, if you want to go five blocks, you summon a bike or a scooter.
在未来的城市中，如果想去五个街区之外，你可以叫来一辆自行车或踏板车。
If you're in a rush, a passenger drone would pick you up.
如果你赶时间，可以让无人驾驶飞机来接你。
And if you need food, no need to have someone drive over -- the food will make its way to you.
而如果你需要食物，无需让人开车送过去--食物会自己来到你的身边。
Let's go back to those 20 million a day restaurant deliveries.
让我们回到每天2000万次的外卖上来。
If we could get these deliveries off the road, we could reduce the need for as many as one and a half million cars just in the US.
如果这些外卖不再通过开车送达，那么我们仅在美国就能减少对多达150万辆汽车的需求。
That's twice the size of San Francisco.
也就是旧金山车流量的两倍。
Now, think of the impact this could have on cities like Delhi, or my birth city of Tehran,
想象一下这会对德里或我的出生地德黑兰这样的城市造成怎样的影响，
where car pollution is killing thousands of people every year.
那里的汽车污染每年都会令数千人死亡。
So how do we get some of these deliveries off the road?
那么，我们如何才能让其中部分外卖不再依靠车辆呢？
Well, that's the question that my team and I have been obsessed with over the last three years.
这正是我和我的团队在过去三年一直潜心研究的问题。
And the solution is actually one of the building blocks of the city of the future.
而解决方案实际上就是未来城市的基石之一。
We've been creating small, self-driving robots that navigate quiet alleys and sidewalks on a walking pace
我们一直在制作小型自动驾驶机器人，以步行的速度在安静的小巷中和人行道上行驶，
and have a secured cargo to deliver you food and supplies.
并有安全的行李舱为你运送食物和补给。
Now, before I tell you more about the robots, let's do a quick thought experiment.
在我进一步介绍机器人之前，让我们进行一个快速的思考实验。
In your mind, picture a city with thousands of robots.
在你的脑海中想象一座拥有数千个机器人的城市。
Is it this one? This Hollywood dystopia is what a lot of people expect.
是这样的吗？很多人会想象出这类的好莱坞反乌托邦。
But our job is to create a friendly future that's designed for people.
但是我们的工作是创造一个为人类设计的友好未来。
So instead of making aliens, we set out to create robots that are familiar.
因此，我们没有制作外星机械，而是着手制造令人熟悉的机器人。
Robots that would belong in our communities.
能与社区融为一体的机器人。
But we also wanted a little surprise. Something unexpectedly delightful.
但是我们也想要一点惊喜。某种出乎意料的喜悦。
Think about it. You're walking down the street, and you see your very first robot.
想一想。你正在街上行走，并看见了有生以来的第一个机器人。
That's the moment when you're going to decide if this is a future you love or fear.
正是这一瞬间能让你决定自己会喜爱还是恐惧这个未来。
And with a lot of people having these dystopian ideas, we need to open their minds.
在很多人的观念中，机器人是反乌托邦的，而我们需要让他们的思维变得开放。
We want to surprise and delight them, so that we can win them over on first impression.
我们想让他们感到惊喜，以便在第一印象上赢得他们的心。
This is what we came up with. It's familiar, but it's also surprising.
这就是我们设计的机器人。它很熟悉，但也令人惊奇。
It's just a shopping cart, but it also looks like we crossbred WALL-E with Minions.
它只是一辆购物车，但看起来又像是瓦力与小黄人的杂交体。
If you live in San Francisco or Los Angeles, chances are one of these has already delivered your food.
如果你住在旧金山或洛杉矶，其中一台可能已经给你送过了外卖。
As soon as we put robots out on the street, we learned some really interesting problems.
当我们将机器人投入使用后，我们马上了解到了一些非常有趣的问题。
Like, how should robots cross the road?
比如说，机器人应该如何过马路？
Or how should robots interact with people with visual or mobility impairments?
机器人该如何与有视力或行动障碍的人互动？
We quickly realized that we need to teach our robots how to communicate with people.
我们很快就意识到，我们需要教机器人如何与人交流。
People on the sidewalk come from every walk of life,
街上的人们来自各行各业，
so we needed to create a new language, kind of a universal language so people and robots can understand each other right off the bat.
因此我们需要创造一种新的语言，一种通用的语言，以便人和机器人可以立即相互理解。
Because no one is going to be reading user manuals.
因为没有人会阅读用户手册。
We started with eyes, because eyes are universal.
我们从眼睛开始，因为眼睛是共通的。
They can show where the robot is going or if it's confused. Plus, eyes make robots more human.
它们可以显示机器人的前进方向，以及它是否陷入了困惑。另外，眼睛使机器人更人性化。
We also used sounds. For example, we created this running sound with frequent gaps
我们还使用了声音。例如，我们创造了一种夹杂了频繁间隙的跑步声音，
so that people with visual impairments could locate their robots using the Doppler effect.
这样视力障碍者就能用多普勒效应来定位机器人。
But it turned out these were not enough. At intersections, cars would cut in front of our robots.
但是事实证明，这些还不够。在十字路口，汽车会开到机器人面前。
Drivers were getting confused sometimes, because robots would take too long before they started crossing.
司机有时会感到困惑，因为机器人要等很长时间才开始过马路。
Even ordinary pedestrians were getting confused.
甚至连普通的行人也感到了困惑。
Sometimes, they couldn't figure out on which side to pass the robots,
有时，他们搞不明白该从哪一侧经过机器人，
because robots make a lot of small adjustments to their direction as they move.
因为机器人在移动时会对方向进行很多微调。
This actually sparked a new idea. What if we used movement to create a universal language?
这实际上激发了一个新想法。我们能不能用运动方式来创造一门通用语言？
Like, at intersections, robots would gently move forward before they start crossing, to signal to drivers that it's their turn.
比如，在十字路口，机器人在过马路之前会轻轻地向前移动，以向司机发出“轮到我了”的信号。
If they see someone in a wheelchair, they yield by pointing themselves away from the sidewalk, to signal that they're not going to move.
看到轮椅时，它们会转向人行道外侧让出道路，以表明自己不会移动。
Some of you may remember this. In 2015, Canadian researchers sent a robot hitchhiking across the US.
你们中有些人可能还记得这件事。2015年，加拿大研究人员派出了一个机器人搭便车穿越美国。
It didn't get very far. It turns out that robots can also use some social skills.
它没能走太远。事实上，机器人也应当使用一些社交技能。
Like, if they're being tampered with, Carnegie Mellon researchers have shown that
例如，卡内基·梅隆大学的研究人员发现，如果遭到了恶意摆弄，
small toy robots should play dead, because people feel bad when they think they broke it.
小型玩具机器人应该装死，因为人们以为自己把它弄坏了时会感到不好受。
But delivery robots aren't toys, they're not small, they are out there in public.
但是外卖机器人不是玩具，它们个头不小，它们会出入公共场所。
We found that with delivery robots, to get people to stop tampering, robots need to show awareness.
我们发现，对于外卖机器人，要使人们停止胡乱摆弄，机器人需要表现出警觉。
It's kind of the opposite of playing dead.
这有点和装死相反。
In this case, robots need to acknowledge the situation to get people to step away.
在这种情况下，机器人需要确认情况，来让人们离开。
Also, a word of advice. If you are a robot and you see small kids, run towards the closest adult.
另外，提个建议。如果你是机器人，并且看到了小孩，请奔向最近的成年人。
It turns out that some kids just love harassing robots.
事实证明，有些孩子就是喜欢骚扰机器人。
So besides dystopia, Hollywood also promised us some really cool robots that would run our errands or keep us company.
除了反乌托邦，好莱坞还向我们承诺了一些非常酷的机器人，它们可以帮我们跑腿，与我们作伴。
So far, we've really focused on food delivery, but in the future, these robots can do more.
到目前为止，我们专注于提供食品外卖，但是在将来，这些机器人能做到更多。
Like, they could gather excess food and bring it to shelters every night.
它们可以每晚收集过剩的食物，送到食品救济站。
Because in America, we waste 30 percent of our food, while 10 percent of our people experience food insecurity.
因为在美国，我们浪费了30％的食物，而10％的人口却没有食品保障。
These robots could be part of the solution.
这些机器人可能成为解决方案的一部分。
Or when we have hundreds of robots running around cities,
或者，当数百台机器人在城市中运行时，
we could have robots carry emergency medications at all times, just in case someone nearby has an allergic reaction or an asthma attack.
我们可以让机器人随时携带急救药物，以防附近有人出现过敏反应或哮喘发作。
These robots could be on-site within a minute or two, faster than anyone else.
这些机器人可以在一两分钟之内到达现场，比任何其他人都快。
And during pandemics, robots can be a key part of our infrastructure.
在疫情大流行期间，机器人可以成为我们基础设施的关键部分。
They can ensure that we can provide our communities with the essential needs even during emergencies.
它们可以确保我们即使在紧急情况下也能满足社区的基本需求。
Let me leave you with one last thought.
请让我以最后的这个思考收尾。
Today, objects can't get from A to B without human help, because our three-dimensional world is quite complex.
今天，没有人为帮助，物体就无法从A点到B点，因为我们的三维世界十分复杂。
But new sensors and AI can change that.
但是新的传感器和人工智能可以改变这一点。
In a way, technology is like a baby that has just learned to recognize objects and understand words,
从某种意义上说，科技就像一个婴儿，才刚刚学会识别物体、理解单词，
and maybe even hold a basic conversation, but it hasn't learned to walk yet.
甚至有可能进行基本的对话，但它还没有学会走路。
Now, we are teaching technology how to navigate the three-dimensional world without our help.
现在，我们正在教导科技如何不依靠我们的帮助在三维世界中行走。
We are entering this new era where insentient objects are going to get up and move freely.
我们正在进入一个无生命的物体也将起身自由行动的新时代。
And when they do, we've got to make sure they don't look like aliens.
而当它们动起来时，我们必须确保它们不像外星入侵者。
My vision for the future is that when things come to life, they do so with joy.
我对未来的愿景是，当物体变得鲜活时，它们将满怀喜悦地获得新生。
You know, less like the movie "Terminator" and more like "Toy Story." Thank you.
不似电影《终结者》，而更像《玩具总动员》。谢谢！
