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In 1804, vice president Aaron Burr was a man with no friends.
1804年，副总统艾伦·伯尔是一个没有朋友的人。
In the election of 1800, he had been the Jeffersonian candidate for vice president.
在1800年的选举中，他是杰斐逊派的副总统候选人。
By the way, the Constitution was originally written whoever got the most electoral votes became president and the runner-up became vice president.
顺便说一下，宪法最初是这样制定的，得到最多选举人票的人成为总统，第二名的人成为副总统。
The problem with this came when the top two candidates, in this case, Jefferson and Burr tied in the electoral vote, throwing the election to the house of representatives.
但问题是，在这次选举中，排名靠前的两位候选人，杰弗逊和伯尔在选举人票上票数相等，把选举的决定权交给了众议院。
Burr was a political opportunist and used the tie votes to try and gain the office for himself at the expense of Jefferson, courting disgruntled federalists to try and vote for him instead.
伯尔是一个政治机会主义者，他利用平手的选票，试图以牺牲杰弗逊为代价，为自己赢得总统职位，并怂恿心怀不满的联邦党人转而投他的票。
This didn't work and the newly elected vice president found himself shut out of Jefferson's government.
但这并没有奏效，这位新当选的副总统发现自己被杰斐逊政府拒之门外。
Everyone knew that when Jefferson came up for re-election in 1804, Burr was going to be dropped from the ticket.
大家都知道，当杰斐逊在1804年再次竞选时，伯尔将被排除在候选人名单之外。
Burr decided that his next move was to run for Governor of his home state of New York ,hoping to build a following there for a possible return to Washington.
伯尔决定，他的下一步行动是竞选他的家乡纽约州的州长，希望在那里建立一批追随者，以便有可能返回华盛顿。
But what was left of Alexander Hamilton's power base was in New York.
但亚历山大·汉密尔顿的权力基础仍在纽约。
And if there was one man Hamilton didn't want him power, it was Aaron Burr.
如果说有一个人汉密尔顿不想让他掌权，那就是亚伦·伯尔。
Hamilton believed that Burr only cared about himself and that he had no principles except whatever would ensure his own advancement.
汉密尔顿认为，伯尔只关心自己，除了能确保自己进步的一切，他没有任何原则。
He disliked Burr so much that he campaigned in the house for Jefferson and the 1800 tie election a strange irony that was not lost to Hamilton
他非常不喜欢伯尔，所以他在众议院为杰斐逊助选，1800年的平局选举中，一个奇怪的讽刺并没有输给汉密尔顿。
In 1804, Hamilton campaigned to hard for Burr's opponent, Morgan Lewis, playing a key role in his victory in that race.
1804年，汉密尔顿奋力为伯尔的对手摩根·刘易斯助选，在他的胜利中发挥了关键作用。
Burr hadn't forgotten Hamilton's politicking in 1800 and felt that this was the second time the former Secretary of the Treasury had derailed his political ambitions.
伯尔并没有忘记汉密尔顿在1800年的政治活动，他觉得这是这位前财政部长第二次违背自己的政治抱负。
He challenged Hamilton to a pistol duel.
他向汉密尔顿发起挑战，进行手枪决斗。
Duels or affairs of honor were holdovers from the days of chivalry, a form of ritualized murder, in which the two combatants stood 20 paces apart and shot at each other.
决斗或荣誉决斗是从骑士时代遗留下来的，骑士时代是一种仪式化的谋杀，两个决斗者站在相隔20步远的地方，向对方开枪。
People dying in duels was relatively rare.
在决斗中死亡的人相对较少。
It was more about demonstrating their bravery and being willing to face down death in the name of honor.
它更多的是展示他们的勇气，并愿意以荣誉的名义面对死亡。
In that way, it was more a show of political grandstanding than anything else.
从这个角度看，这更像是一场政治哗众取宠的表演。
Burr wanted to try and use a showdown with Hamilton to resurrect his failing political career and Hamilton never wanted to back down from a challenge happily obliged him.
伯尔想尝试和汉密尔顿摊牌，以恢复他失败的政治生涯，而汉密尔顿从未想要从一个让他高兴的挑战中退缩。
Hamilton let it be known in the days preceding the duel that he had no intention of trying to kill Burr.
在决斗前几天，汉密尔顿就让人知道他无意杀死伯尔。
He intended to throw away his shot by firing his gun in the air, a demonstration that he held no ill-will towards his opponent.
他打算通过向空中开枪来扔掉他的子弹，这表明他对他的对手没有恶意。
Many such duels ended this way with both combatants walking away unscathed, their personal honor intact.
许多这样的决斗都以这样的方式结束，双方都毫发无损地离开了，他们的个人荣誉也完好无损。
Dueling was illegal in New York so the two men met across the river in New Jersey.
决斗在纽约是非法的，所以两人在新泽西河对面相遇。
On the morning of July, the 11th,1804, in an ironic twist of fate, it was the same spot where two years earlier Hamilton's eldest son Philip had been killed in a duel himself.
在1804年7月11日的早晨，命运发生了一个具有讽刺意味的转折，这里正是两年前汉密尔顿的长子菲利普在决斗中被杀的地方。
Hamilton probably fired first and his shot missed probably on purpose.
汉密尔顿可能是先开枪的，他的子弹可能是故意射偏的。
Burr shot did not miss, the bullet struck Hamilton in the abdomen, doing major damage to his internal organs and lodging in his spine.
伯尔的子弹并没有失手，子弹击中了汉密尔顿的腹部，对他的内脏器官造成了严重损伤，并卡在了他的脊椎里。
Hamilton knew immediately that he'd been mortally wounded.
汉密尔顿立刻意识到自己受了致命伤。
He was taken back to his home in New York, where he lasted until the next day, saying goodbye to his distraught wife and children as well as his friends.
他被带回到纽约的家中，在那里一直待到第二天，向心急如焚的妻子、孩子和朋友们道别。
He was only 49 when the bullet finally claimed his life.
当子弹最终夺走了他的生命时，他只有49岁。
The death of Alexander Hamilton proved to be the death now for the federalist party that he led.
亚历山大·汉密尔顿的离世结果导致他所领导的联邦党的消亡。
Jeffersonian's party now held unchallenged ascendancy as Jeffersonian Republicans held the presidency from 1800 to 1824.
1800年至1824年，杰斐逊共和党人担任总统，杰斐逊所在的政党现在保持着无可争议的优势地位。
But Hamilton's financial system which Jefferson hated so much survived, because as Jefferson's Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin pointed out the system was so perfectly constructed.
但是杰斐逊痛恨的汉密尔顿的金融体系幸存了下来，因为杰斐逊的财政部长阿尔伯特·加勒廷指出，这个体系构建得非常完美。
Any attempt to dismantle it would harm the country.
任何拆除它的企图都会伤害这个国家。
In fact, when president James Madison allowed the first bank of the United States to expire during his administration, it precipitated a financial crisis that forced him to sheepishly found the second bank of the United States to restore American finance.
事实上，当詹姆斯·麦迪逊总统允许美国第一家银行在他的政府期间到期时，就引发了一场金融危机，迫使他不好意思地找到美国第二家银行来恢复美国的金融。
Hamilton's death also killed the political career of Aaron Burr, though he escaped murder charges filed against him.
汉密尔顿的死也扼杀了亚伦·伯尔的政治生涯，尽管他逃脱了针对他的谋杀指控。
He never held another office after his term as vice president ended in 1805.
1805年副总统任期结束后，他再也没有担任过其他职务。
He spent the rest of his life moving from place to place as a pariah, never showing remorse for killing Hamilton.
在他的余生中，他像一个贱民一样，从一个地方搬到另一个地方，从未为杀害汉密尔顿而感到懊悔。
Hamilton meanwhile was widely mourned especially in New York city.
与此同时，汉密尔顿受到了广泛的哀悼，尤其是在纽约市。
His funeral on July the 14th was the largest in the city's long history.
7月14日他的葬礼是该市历史上规模最大的一次。
Every business in New York was closed that day and so many people marched in the funeral procession that it took hours to complete.
那天，纽约所有的商店都关门了，参加葬礼的人太多了，以至于葬礼花了好几个小时才结束。
Not everyone was sorry to see Hamilton die,
不是每个人都为汉密尔顿的死感到难过，
though his two longtime political antagonists John Adams and Thomas Jefferson lived two decades after Hamilton's death and their long-standing grievances against the man made their way into their writings that were published for posterity.
尽管他的两个长期政治对手约翰·亚当斯和托马斯·杰斐逊在汉密尔顿死后20年才去世，他们对汉密尔顿长期的不满也被写进了他们的作品，并被后人出版。
Hamilton wasn't around to defend himself or write his memoirs explaining what he did and why, which surely would have been a masterpiece of literature.
汉密尔顿没有为自己辩护，也没有写回忆录解释他的所作所为和原因，这本回忆录肯定会成为文学杰作。
It has only been recently that Hamilton's reputation has undergone a re-evaluation
直到最近，汉密尔顿的声誉才经历了一次重新评估
most particularly through a widely successful Broadway musical based on Hamilton's life.
尤其是通过一部根据汉密尔顿的生平改编的广受欢迎的百老汇音乐剧。
It's remarkable how accurate Alexander Hamilton's predictions about the American economy were.
亚历山大·汉密尔顿对美国经济的预测是多么准确，这是值得注意的。
Hamilton believed that commerce was the key to the new country's future.
汉密尔顿认为，商业是这个新国家未来的关键。
He predicted the industrial revolution, the rise of manufacturing to replace farming, the primacy of cities over rural areas, the power of stock trading and banking and the national debt.
他预言了工业革命、制造业的崛起将取代农业、城市对农村地区的主导地位、股票交易和银行的力量以及国债。
In short, it's everything that makes modern capitalism function.
简而言之，是一切让现代资本主义运转的东西。
Equally important, every president after George Washington has built on the power of the executive branch first proposed by Alexander Hamilton.
同样重要的是，乔治·华盛顿之后的每一任总统都建立在亚历山大·汉密尔顿首先提出的行政部门的权力之上。
The United States has a robust federal government that keeps the many states bound together, precisely because men like Hamilton believed that this was the only way to keep the country from inevitably splitting itself apart.
美国有一个强大的联邦政府，将许多州团结在一起，正是因为像汉密尔顿这样的人认为，这是防止国家不可避免地分裂的唯一方法。
Whether you think the legacy he left makes him a hero or a villain, you have to admit that few of the founding fathers achieved more than he did.
不管你认为他留下的遗产使他成为英雄还是恶棍，你必须承认，没有几个开国元勋比他取得的成就更多。
Few other Americans have ever started as lowly as he did and risen as high.
很少有其他的美国人能像他一样从那么低微的事业起步，然后一路上升到那么高的位置。
And the tragedy of his life is that we'll never know what else he might have been able to achieve, had he not been cut down in his prime.
他人生的悲剧是，我们永远不知道他还能取得什么成就，如果他没有在壮年时离世的话。
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我真希望你觉得这个视频有趣，如果你觉得确实如此，请点击下面的大拇指按钮。
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不要忘记订阅我们的视频，感谢大家的收看!
