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It's strange to think about today, but there was a time in the United States when women just didn't wear pants.
今天想来情况很奇怪，但在美国曾经有一段时间，女人是不穿裤子的。
In many cultures, women wearing some kind of trouser is an ancient phenomenon.
在许多文化中，女性穿某种裤子是一种古老的现象。
But in the United States, there was a time when women were expected to limit their options to skirts and dresses -- especially out in public.
但在美国，曾经有一段时间，女性被认为只能选择裙子和连衣裙--尤其是在公共场合。
So when and how did this change?
那么，这种情况是什么时候以及如何改变的呢？
When did women start wearing pants?
女人什么时候开始穿裤子的？
Well, first, let's be clear that some women have sometimes worn pants in America for centuries.
首先，我们要清楚的是，在美国有些女人有时穿裤子已经有几个世纪的历史了。
Women sometimes wore pants for work or leisure even in the 19th century, though society didn't always look kindly on these practical clothing decisions.
即使在19世纪，女性有时也会在工作或休闲时穿裤子，尽管社会对这些实用的着装决定并不总是友好的。
The long skirts women wore were often bulky and heavy.
女性穿的长裙往往又大又重。
These clothes were both socially and physically restrictive.
这些衣服既有社交限制，也有身体限制。
They got in the way when women wanted to enjoy a full range of motion.
当女性想要享受全方位的运动时，它们就成了障碍。
The dress reform movement arose in the mid 19th century with the goal of giving women the freedom to wear trousers for both practical and political purposes.
着装改革运动兴起于19世纪中期，目的是赋予女性出于实际和政治目的而穿裤子的自由。
Trousers were seen as a symbol of women's rights -- a radical proposition at the time.
裤子被视为女权的象征--这在当时是一种激进的主张。
It was around 1851 that a woman named Elizabeth Smith Miller designed an outfit that would become iconic among believers in the concept of what was called "rational dress for women."
大约在1851年，一位名叫伊丽莎白·史密斯·米勒的女性设计了一套服装，在“女性合理着装”的信徒中成为了标志性的服装。
It consisted of a skirt and loose trousers with a short jacket on top.
它包括一条裙子和宽松的裤子，上面有一件短夹克。
The design was championed by Amelia Jenks Bloomer, and they quickly became known as "bloomers."
这种设计得到了阿米莉亚·詹克斯·布鲁默的支持，很快就成了人们所熟知的“灯笼裤”。
Bloomers eventually fell out of fashion, but the name lives on as a description for various baggy, divided garments for the lower body.
灯笼裤最终不再流行，但这个名字一直被用来描述各种宽松的下半身服装。
Still, as the popularity of bloomers faded, pants became, once again, something women generally wore only in private or for sporting activities.
不过，随着灯笼裤的流行程度逐渐消退，裤子再次成为女性通常只在私人场合或体育活动中穿的服装。
It would take big changes to finally bring women's pants into the mainstream, and those changes came with two world wars.
要想让女性裤子成为主流，需要做出巨大的改变，而这些改变伴随着两次世界大战而来。
During the First World War, the mobilization of men in the army meant that women began doing jobs that had previously been reserved for men and sometimes wearing the pants that went with them.
在第一次世界大战期间，男性参军意味着女性开始从事以前只属于男性的工作，有时还会穿与男性相关的裤子。
But it was during World War II that women in both civilian and military life began wearing pants in large numbers; not just for work, but socially, too.
在第二次世界大战期间，平民和军事生活中的女性开始大量穿裤子；不仅是为了工作，也是为了社交。
It's hard to imagine the Rosie the Riveter wearing a skirt below that famous raised bicep.
很难想象铆工罗西在著名的凸起的二头肌下面穿着裙子。
After the war, many women continued to wear pants, but women's fashion still tended to focus on skirts and dresses.
战后，许多女性继续穿裤子，但女性时尚仍然倾向于以裙子和连衣裙为主。
But more than a century after women's rights activists had first begun their push to reform how women dress, the women's liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s finally helped to break down the stigma against women wearing pants.
但在女权活动人士首次推动改革女性着装方式一个多世纪后，20世纪60年代和70年代的妇女解放运动终于帮助打破了对穿裤子的女性的耻辱。
Today in the US, the question of whether women can wear pants in public isn't a question at all.
如今在美国，女性是否可以在公共场合穿裤子根本不是问题。
Which means we're free to move on to the next frontier of gendered fashion -- making it socially acceptable for men to wear dresses.
这意味着我们可以自由地进入性别时尚的下一个前沿--让男性穿连衣裙成为社会上可以接受的事情。
Fair's fair, right?
这很公平，对吧？
