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In the 19th century, masturbation was a public health crisis.
19世纪，手淫是一种公共健康危机。
Well, at least that's how some Christian fundamentalists viewed it.
至少一些基督教原教旨主义者是这么看的。
Anti-masturbation crusaders blamed self-gratification for a list of ailments, including blindness, infertility, epilepsy, insanity, and a fondness for spicy foods.
反手淫斗士将一系列疾病归咎于手淫，包括失明、不孕不育、癫痫、精神错乱和喜欢吃辣。
That last one actually came from one anti-masturbation crusader in particular: an American doctor named John Harvey Kellogg.
最后一条实际上来自一位反对手淫的超级斗士：一位名叫约翰·哈维·凯洛格的美国医生。
Kellogg had a lot of ideas about the relationship between diet and masturbation.
凯洛格对饮食和手淫之间的关系发表了很多观点。
He thought the urge to self-stimulate, or self-pollute, as he called it, was related to eating meat and seasoned foods.
他认为，被他称为“自我刺激”或“自我污染”的冲动，与吃肉类和调味食物有关。
To treat the problem, along with a host of other potential health issues, he recommended a bland diet consisting of fare like nuts and cereal grains.
为了治疗这个疾病，以及其他一系列潜在的健康问题，他推荐人们食用一种由坚果和谷物等食物制成的清淡饮食。
He even concocted some recipes of his own that fit his health philosophy.
他甚至编造了一些符合他健康哲学的食谱。
As the superintendent of the Battle Creek Sanitarium, a trendy wellness retreat in Michigan, he served guests crushed-up biscuits made from wheat, corn, and oats.
作为密歇根州巴特克里一家时髦健康疗养地的负责人，他为客人提供由小麦、玉米和燕麦制成的饼干碎。
He dubbed the concoction “granola.”
他给这种混合物起了个绰号叫“格兰诺拉麦片”（granola）。
A breakfast breakthrough?
早餐界大突破？
Debatable.
值得商榷。
A few years earlier, a different diet guru named James Caleb Jackson was making a similar snack food called granula.
几年前，另一位名叫詹姆斯·卡勒布·杰克逊的饮食大师也制作了一种类似的零食，名为格兰诺拉（granula）。
Kellogg had mostly “innovated” the product by changing the U in granula to an O, which also helped him avoid lawsuits, I guess.
凯洛格将granula中的U改为O，在很大程度上对产品进行了“创新”，也帮他避免了诉讼。
I, for one, did not realize this was a viable path to business success, so...
就我而言，我都没意识到这是一条可行的商业成功之路。
Look for Justin Dodd's Yogort, which goes perfect with your granula.
来试试贾斯汀·多德的酸奈（Yogort），麦片的完美搭档。
Brought to you by the lovely people behind soop.
由亲爱的溏（soop）赞助。
Kellogg's biggest contribution to the food industry should be familiar to anyone who's perused a cereal aisle... ever.
凯洛格对食品行业的最大贡献应该是曾经仔细观察过谷类食品货架的人都熟悉的。
In collaboration with his brother Will, a bookkeeper at Battle Creek Sanitarium, John created the breakfast cereal that came to be known as corn flakes by rolling corn grits into flakes and toasting them in the oven.
约翰与他在巴特克里疗养院担任簿记员的兄弟威尔合作，创造了后来被称为玉米片的早餐麦片，方法是将玉米粉卷成片，然后在烤箱中烘烤。
William took the lead on selling the product to consumers outside the sanitarium, and he was much less interested in its supposed solo-sex-stopping powers than his brother.
威廉带头向疗养院外的消费者销售这种产品，与他的兄弟相比，他对这种食物所谓的“阻止个人性行为”的能力不那么感兴趣。
Kellogg's corn flakes were never advertised as the edible equivalent of a cold shower, and it's misleading to state that they were invented to put an end to onanism.
凯洛格的玉米片从来没有作为可食用冷水澡来进行宣传，说它们是为了治疗手淫而发明的，这一点具有误导性。
But with John's entreaties to limit oneself to "the most simple, pure, and unstimulating diet" as a way of warding off arousal - especially advocating for a diet with lots of grains and milk - I think it's fair say that the anti-masturbation movement is a legitimate, if tangential, part of the cereal's beginnings.
但约翰倡议只接受“最简单、最纯粹、最无刺激性的饮食”，以此来抵挡性欲——尤其是提倡富含谷物和牛奶的饮食——我认为反手淫运动可以说是麦片出现的一个合理起源。
This kind of feels weird now.
现在感觉有点怪怪的。
Hi, I'm Justin Dodd.
嗨，我是贾斯汀·多德。
Welcome to Food History.
欢迎来到食物的历史。
From health trends to the evolution of marketing, we can learn a lot about American culture from the history of breakfast cereal.
从健康趋势到营销手段的演变，我们可以从早餐麦片的历史中学到很多有关美国文化的知识。
But before we dig our spoons in, let's get our terminology straight.
但在我们深入研究之前，让我们先明确一下术语。
Merriam-Webster defines cereal as starchy, edible grains and the plants that produce them, such as wheat, oat, and barley.
梅里亚姆-韦伯斯特将谷类食品定义为含淀粉的可食用谷物和产生这些谷物的植物，如小麦、燕麦和大麦。
For more on cereal grains and what we make with them, check out our episode on beer, or our deep dive into the most influential foods in human history.
想要了解更多关于谷类和人类用谷物做了什么的内容，请查看我们关于啤酒的一期节目，“人类历史上最有影响力的食物”一期也对此进行了深入探讨。
