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Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Sam. And I'm Neil.
大家好。这里是 BBC 学习英语栏目的六分钟英语。我是萨姆。我是尼尔。
In this 6 Minute English we’re celebrating the life of one of modern South Africa’s founding fathers
本期节目中，我们要歌颂当代南非国父之一、
– the icon and Nobel laureate, Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
伟人、诺贝尔奖获得者——德斯蒙德·图图大主教。
Archbishop Tutu was one the leaders of the non-violent movement to end the system of racial segregation known as apartheid.
图图大主教是结束种族隔离制度的非暴力运动的领导人之一。
Apartheid was enforced against the black population of South Africa by the white minority government from 1948 until 1991.
从1948年到1991年，南非的少数白人政府对黑人实行种族隔离。
It’s impossible to imagine South Africa's difficult journey to freedom without Archbishop Desmond Tutu.
如果没有德斯蒙德·图图大主教，人们无法想象南非争取自由的道路将是何等艰难。
While other anti-apartheid leaders, like his close friend Nelson Mandela, were imprisoned or even killed,
虽然其他反种族隔离的领导人，如他的密友纳尔逊·曼德拉，被监禁甚至被杀害，
Archbishop Tutu was there at every step of the struggle - the rebellious priest speaking out against the injustices of apartheid.
但图图大主教一直在坚持斗争。这位“叛逆的”牧师一直在公开反对不公正的种族隔离制度。
Archbishop Tutu was a hero of the 20th century.
图图大主教是20世纪的英雄.
He died in December 2021 and was laid to rest in Cape Town in a state funeral on New Year’s Day.
他于2021年12月去世，元旦当天在开普敦的国葬仪式上被安葬。
In this programme, we’ll hear about some important moments from his life
在本期节目中，我们将回顾他生命中的一些重要时刻。
and, as usual, learn some related vocabulary as well.
像往常一样，我们还要学习一些相关词汇。
But first I have a question for you, Neil.
但首先我有个问题要问你，尼尔。
Nelson Mandela was sometimes affectionately called by his clan’s name, Madiba,
纳尔逊·曼德拉有时被亲切地称为马迪巴。那是他的氏族名字，
but do you know what nickname Archbishop Desmond Tutu was given?
但你知道德斯蒙德·图图大主教有什么昵称吗？
Was it a) The Des? B) The Bish? Or c) The Arch?
是 a) 德斯？b) 比什？还是 c) 阿奇？
I don’t know, but I’ll guess his nickname was c) the Arch.
我不知道，但我猜他的昵称是 c) 拱门。
OK, Neil. We’ll find out if that’s the correct answer at the end of the programme.
好的，尼尔。我们将在节目结束时揭晓正确答案。
Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born in 1931 in the town of Klerksdorp in northern South Africa.
德斯蒙德·姆皮罗·图图1931年出生于南非北部的克勒克斯多普镇。
In this 2014 interview with BBC World Service programme, Outlook,
在2014年接受BBC世界服务栏目《展望》的采访时，
he looks back on some of his earliest childhood memories.
他回忆起了自己的童年。
I had a very happy childhood.
我的童年非常快乐。
I am a boy child between two girls.
我有一个姐姐和一个妹妹。
My sisters sometimes thought that our mother rather spoiled me, pampered me.
她俩有时候觉得母亲相当宠爱我，娇惯我。
My mother was not educated much but she had an incredible loving for people and was very generous.
我母亲没受过多少教育，但她非常关爱他人，而且非常慷慨。
Part of my own unhappiness was precisely
让我难过的也正是这一点。
that anyone could want to take advantage of such a gracious, gentle, generous person.
很多人都想占我母亲的便宜，因为她亲切、温柔又慷慨。
As a child, Desmond Tutu’s mother would pamper him
小时候，德斯蒙德·图图的母亲很娇惯他，
– give him special treatment and make him feel special by doing nice things for him
即给他特殊的待遇，让他感觉自己是特别的。
He also says his mother spoiled him – let him do or have whatever he wanted.
他还说，他的母亲很溺爱他，即让他想做什么做什么，想要什么给什么。
Spoiling a child usually has a bad effect on their character as they grow up,
溺爱孩子通常会对孩子的性格产生不良影响，
but this doesn’t seem to be true for Desmond Tutu.
但对德斯蒙德·图图来说似乎并非如此。
What upset the young Desmond was how his mother was treated by some white South Africans
让年轻的德斯蒙德难过的是，他的母亲受到了一些南非白人的虐待，
who would take advantage of her - treat her unfairly for their own benefit.
他们会占她便宜，即为了自己的利益而不公平地对待她。
In 1955 Desmond Tutu married his wife, Leah.
1955年，德斯蒙德·图图与妻子利亚结婚。
They had children and the family moved to London for a time,
后来他们有了孩子，全家还搬到伦敦住了一段时间。
before returning to South Africa when Desmond was made Dean of Johannesburg.
再后来，德斯蒙德被任命为约翰内斯堡英国圣公会教长。全家人回到了南非。
He knew that returning to a racially segregated South Africa would be difficult for his family.
他知道，回到种族隔离的南非对他的家人来说很困难。
In this interview with BBC World Service programme, Outlook,
在接受BBC世界服务栏目《展望》的采访时，
Archbishop Tutu remembers one terrifying incident involving his wife, Leah,
图图大主教回忆起一件涉及他的妻子利亚的可怕的事情。
who had gone to the Johannesburg traffic department to renew a car licence.
当时，她去约翰内斯堡交通部门续领一张汽车牌照。
They handcuffed her, and they walked with her in the streets. She was paraded,
他们给她戴上手铐，让她走在街上。她被游街示众了。
and then when the court case was heard my wife was acquitted.
然后法庭审理案件，我的妻子就被无罪释放了。
But they had done what they wanted to do
但他们已经做了自己想做的事情，
which was humiliate her, and in the process hit at me.
就是羞辱她，同时打压我。
I have to say that I found those actions near unforgivable,
我不得不说，我认为那些行为几乎是不可原谅的，
because I was the one who was out in the forefront.
因为我一直领导着反对种族歧视的斗争。
Although Leah… she’s a toughie!
但是利亚，她是个硬茬！
(laughs).
(笑)。
Police officers arrested and handcuffed Leah to humiliate her – make her feel ashamed and stupid.
警察逮捕了利亚，给她戴上手铐，以羞辱她，让她感到羞愧、愚蠢。
When she went to court, Leah was acquitted – declared not guilty of committing a crime.
法庭审理利亚的案子之后，宣布她无罪。
But the police continued to harass her, even though his wife was, in his own words, a toughie
但警方继续骚扰她，尽管用他自己的话说，他的妻子是个硬茬，
– someone who is tough and determined.
即一个坚强的人。
Archbishop Tutu describes the event as “near unforgivable”
图图大主教将这一事件描述为“几乎不可原谅”，
but, in fact, he did forgive the white police officers,
但其实，他确实原谅了白人警察，
and in 1991, at the end of apartheid, he started the Truth and Reconciliation Commission
并在1991年种族隔离结束时成立了真相与和解委员会，
as a way of healing divisions between black and white communities.
以消弭黑人和白人之间的分歧与隔阂。
What an inspirational life!
多么鼓舞人心啊！
But we still don’t know what his nickname was, Sam!
但我们还是不知道他的昵称是什么，萨姆！
Right, in my question I asked Neil what Archbishop Desmond Tutu’s nickname was.
是的，我问了尼尔，德斯蒙德·图图大主教的昵称是什么。
I guessed it was, The Arch. Which was the correct answer!
我猜是阿奇。回答正确！
Affectionately known as The Arch, Desmond Tutu will be remembered as a man of peace and forgiveness.
德斯蒙德·图图被亲切地称为阿奇。他将作为和平与宽容的象征被人们铭记于心。
Right, let’s recap the vocabulary we’ve learned in this programme,
好了，让我们回顾一下本期词汇吧。
starting with pamper – to give someone special treatment.
从“pamper”开始，意为给某人特殊的待遇。
If you spoil a child, you let them do whatever they want,
“spoil”，意为让孩子想做什么做什么，
but be careful because they might take advantage of you – treat you badly for their own benefit.
但要小心，因为他们可能会利用你，即为了他们自己的利益而伤害你。
To humiliate someone means to make them feel ashamed or stupid.
“humiliate”意为让某人感到羞愧或认为自己愚蠢。
If you are acquitted of a crime, it is judged that you are not guilty.
“be acquitted of”，指某人被判定无罪。
And finally, a toughie is a slang word to describe someone, like Archbishop Desmond Tutu or his wife, Leah,
最后，“toughie”是一个俚语，形容某人，比如德斯蒙德·图图大主教或他的妻子利亚，
who is tough and determined.
十分坚强。
Once again, our six minutes are up.
我们的六分钟又到了。
Goodbye for now! Bye!
下期再见！再见！
