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He recruited college students, some of whom came from gun-owning households, to participate in a study in which they would be subjected to very mild electric shocks (he likened the sensation to static electricity).
他招募了一些大学生（其中一些大学生来自拥有枪支的家庭）来参与一项研究，在这项研究中，他们将受到非常轻微的电击(他将这种点击的感觉比作静电)。
While the shocks were administered, participants were given a friend’s hand, a metal object or a prop that looked and felt like a pistol but had no firing mechanism.
在实施电击的同时，参与者可以握着朋友的手、一个金属物品或一个看起来和感觉上都像手枪的道具，但这个道具无法射击。
For participants who grew up around guns, holding the prop that resembled a firearm provided the greatest comfort, Dr. Buttrick said.
布特里克博士说，对于在成长环境中有枪支的参与者来说，握着像枪支一样的道具提供了最大的安慰。
“If you came from a gun-owning household, just having a gun present makes you feel more at ease,” said Dr. Buttrick, whose study has not yet been published.
“如果你来自拥有枪支的家庭，只要有一把枪在身边，就会让你感觉更自在。”布特里克博士表示，他的研究还尚未发表。
For participants unfamiliar with guns, the opposite was true: They became more anxious when holding a replica of a firearm.
对于不熟悉枪支的参与者来说，情况正好相反：当他们拿着枪支复制品时，他们变得更加焦虑。
“If you didn’t come from a gun-owning household, having a gun present made the shock worse,” he said. “You were more on edge.”
“如果你不是来自一个拥有枪支的家庭，有一把枪会让你感到更惊恐，”他说，“你会感到更加紧张。”
Advocacy organizations like the NRA emphasized the need for safe handling and storage of firearms, and offered training programs intended to make ownership safer.
全国步枪协会等拥枪组织强调，需要安全地持有和存放枪支，并提供培训项目，旨在提高持枪安全性。
But critics say public health officials have done a poor job of communicating the risks to Americans.
但批评人士说，公共卫生官员在向美国人传达拥有枪支的风险方面做得很糟糕。
Many studies have found that easy access to firearms does not make the home safer.
许多研究发现，让枪支容易拿到并不会让家里变得更安全。
Instead, ownership raises the likelihood of both suicide and homicide, said Sarah Burd-Sharps, the senior director of research at Everytown for Gun Safety, a nonprofit that works to end gun violence.
致力于消除枪支暴力的非营利组织“枪支安全每一城”的高级研究主管莎拉·伯德-夏普斯说，相反，拥有枪支增加了自杀和谋杀的可能性。
One of the earliest studies to bring attention to the danger was a 1993 paper in The New England Journal of Medicine that found that keeping a gun in the home brought a 2.7-fold increase in the risk of homicide, with almost all of the shootings carried out by family members or intimate acquaintances.
最早让人们关注到这种危险的研究之一是1993年发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一篇论文，该论文发现，把枪放在家里会使凶杀案的风险增加2.7倍，而几乎所有这些枪击凶杀事件都是由家人或熟人实施的。
The findings have since been replicated in numerous studies.
自那以后，许多研究得出了与之相同的发现。
“You are much more likely to be a victim of that gun than to successfully protect yourself,” Ms. Burd-Sharps said, adding that gun owners “are tragically not understanding the risks.”
“你更有可能成为那把枪的受害者，而不是成功地保护自己。”伯德-夏普斯说，并补充道，枪支拥有者“很不幸地没有意识到这个风险”。
