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15 According to the text, a company that has an action-orientated approach to management is likely to
A accept that some initiatives will be more successful than others.
B view staff in terms of their personal achievements.
C emphasise the importance of staff input into strategy.
D expect staff to work extra hours without remuneration.
16 Which of the following does the writer consider a disadvantage of action-orientated management?
A It attracts people who are unreliable.
B It focuses too heavily on controversial issues.
C It gives out the wrong kind of message to new recruits.
D It makes a questionable assumption about human behaviour.
17 Unlike action-orientated companies, those who favour people-orientated management
A keep a watchful eye on what their employees do,
B are unwilling to tolerate errors of judgement.
C are sensitive to individual differences.
D see indecision as a positive feature.
18 According to the text, which type of person may under-perform in a people-orientated company?
A an intelligent person who lacks stimulation
B a new member of staff who is keen to learn new skills
C a new employee who is given a challenging role
D an individual who learns less quickly than others
19 In the writer's view, the system-orientated approach is
A visionary.
B realistic.
C uninspiring,
D outdated.
26 In a system-orientated culture, employees are
A encouraged to share ideas.
B not expected to criticise colleagues.
C trained to focus on self-improvement.
D not allowed to challenge company policy.
