重点讲解：
1. take effect 生效；奏效；
The agreement takes effect right after it is signed.
协议一经签字立即生效。
2. kick off (事件、比赛或讨论等)开始；
I'm getting ready to kick off a new semester at school next week.
我已经做好下周开学的准备了。
3. firm up （使）更坚固；（使）更坚实；（使）更明确；
The discovery of Northwest Africa 2364 is also helping to firm up scientists' understanding of how our local neighbourhood formed.
“非洲西北2364”的发现也帮助科学家坚定了对我们周围其他星系形成原理的理解。
4. be capable of 有…能力的；能够…的；
This football team has always been capable of gaining an advantage over its opponents by skillfull manoeuvring.
这个足球队总是能依靠机智的策略占对手的上风。