【听力答案】

4. D 5. A 6. C

【听力原文】

Passage 2

Before 1850s, the United. States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating back to colonial days.（4）They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.（以前美国的大学机构主要用于塑造学生的道德品质。) Between mid-century and the end of the 1800's，more than nine thousand young Americans went to Germany for advanced study.（5）Some of them return to become presidents of colleges-Harvard, Yale, Columbia（只有Cornell没有提及。）——and transform them into modem universities.

The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on. Graduate training leading to the PhD was introduced.（6）The new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings. breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics. classics. rhetoric, and music.(新型的大学不仅扩大了规模还增加了新的课程，打破了传统的课程——数学、经典著作、美学和音乐的限制。）The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system，by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

【核心词汇】

constrict v.压缩

curriculum n.课程

faculty n.全体教员；（大学的）系，科

primary a.第位的、主要的

advance study 高级进修

elective system (学校的）选课制度

moral character 道德品质