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[11:01.23]Section B
[11:04.07]Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.
[11:09.21]At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions.
[11:12.72]Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
[11:16.87]After you hear a question,
[11:18.84]you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).
[11:26.06]Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
[11:32.29]Passage One
[11:33.83]Imagine a night sky so full of brilliant stars
[11:38.53]that you can actually point out them to your kids.
[11:41.92]Meat stuck on sticks, bubbling over a campfire.
[11:46.08]It's easy to envision the ideal camping experience—
[11:49.80]but not everyone has actually experienced it.
[11:53.41]If your best recollection of camping is frozen toes,
[11:57.12]a mattress and a large rock in the middle of your back, take heart!
[12:01.29]Camping has changed, and there's something for everyone.
[12:05.22]Camping can teach you many things, such as how to recognize plants and animals,
[12:10.58]to set up a tent and to read a map.
[12:13.65]Most of all, you can anticipate understanding more about yourself and your place in nature.
[12:19.55]Whether you decided to travel on foot into the wilderness,
[12:23.60]to travel by canoe, or simply to drive to a nearby camp ground,
[12:28.31]you are probably looking for some of the same experiences.
[12:32.03]Most campers hope to find a simpler lifestyle.
[12:35.63]They tend to forget about work and worries while they enjoy being outdoors.
[12:40.89]Because the number of the US campers is increasing daily,
[12:45.15]the National Park Service advises outdoor lovers to remember several things.
[12:50.95]First, although it encourages campers to enjoy the outdoors,
[12:55.10]it urges everyone to treat nature with respect.
[12:58.71]That involves leaving your campsite cleaner than you found it.
[13:02.76]It involves learning to enjoy the natural world of plants and animals without disturbing it.
[13:08.56]Remember that wild animals are wild, and they can hurt you, just as you can hurt them.
[13:15.89]The park service invites you to enjoy and explore the world of nature,
[13:20.59]but at the same time, it expects you to protect each area you visit
[13:25.84]so that future generations may look forward to having similar enjoyable experiences.
[13:31.86]Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[13:37.22]16. What is the main purpose for camping?
[13:55.21]17. What do most campers look for?
[14:17.04]18. What does the National Park Service urge the campers to do?
[14:37.23]19. What is the main purpose of the speaker?
[14:54.29]Passage Two
[14:57.76]Today's lecture we'll center on the people
[15:01.05]who lived five thousand years ago in the Sahara Desert.
[15:05.22]Now most of these desert people moved across the countryside throughout the year.
[15:09.70]You might think that they're wandering aimlessly.
[15:12.76]Far from it, they actually followed the series of carefully planned moves.
[15:18.89]Where they moved depended on where food was available,
[15:22.83]places where plants were ripening or with lots of fish.
[15:27.43]Now often when these people moved, they carried all their possessions on their backs.
[15:33.65]But if the journey was long, extra food and tools were sometimes stored in caves.
[15:40.11]One of these caves is now an exciting historic site.
[15:44.38]Even though the cave is very large,
[15:47.11]it was certainly too dark and dusty for people to live in,
[15:51.49]but it was a great place to hide things.
[15:54.22]And huge amounts of food supplies and daily tools have been found there.
[15:59.80]The food includes dried fish and nuts.
[16:03.74]The tools include stone spear points and knives.
[16:08.67]The spear points are actually rather small.
[16:12.06]Here is a picture of some that were found.
[16:15.12]You can see their size in relation to the hands holding them.
[16:19.50]There are also some decorations found in the caves.
[16:22.99]There are necklaces, ear rings, etc. Most of them were made of bones,
[16:29.12]instead of some rare metals like what those are today. We may not like the idea of it.
[16:35.90]But it was very popular at that time. From the above talk,
[16:40.06]we can see there're really great differences from our lives today.
[16:45.09]Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[16:50.45]20. What is the main subject of this talk?
[17:10.10]21. What have been found in the cave?
[17:29.90]22. Why does the speaker show a photo to the class?
[17:49.02]Passage Three
[17:50.44]The automobile's impact on American life is everywhere,
[17:54.60]for the car is much more than a means of traveling from one place to another.
[17:59.52]Up to now we've focused on the positive impact of the automobile on society in the United States.
[18:06.31]Today we'll look at some of the negative effects.
[18:09.92]Traffic, road systems, traffic lights, parking lots, gas stations,
[18:15.93]car washes, fast food restaurants, malls, superstores, subdivisions—
[18:22.61]so many of the elements of our lives and worlds are the result of the automobile.
[18:27.86]A number of sociologists blame the automobiles
[18:31.69]for the decline of the downtown areas of the major cities.
[18:35.40]In the 1950's and 1960's the automobile made it possible to work in the city
[18:41.97]and yet live in the suburbs many miles away.
[18:45.03]Shopping patterns changed. Instead of patronizing downtown stores,
[18:50.50]people in the suburbs went to large markets built in open areas outside the city
[18:55.75]where everything was cheaper.
[18:57.61]Merchants in the cities failed. Stores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted.
[19:04.51]In recent years, there's been a rebirth of a number of downtown areas as suburbanites,
[19:10.52]especially young married couples,
[19:12.60]have moved into the city to avoid roads clogged with traffic
[19:16.64]between the suburbs and the cities every morning and evening.
[19:20.36]Now, let's look at some slides that illustrate these trends.
[19:24.41]By the way, tomorrow I'll explain the affect of all these automobiles on the environment.
[19:30.21]For example, what happens to the atmosphere as a result of the burning of gasoline
[19:35.79]and the depletion of natural resources like fossil fuels?
[19:40.38]Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
[19:45.96]23. What did the speaker probably talk about previously?
[20:04.52]24. What problem did city merchants face?
[20:26.24]25. According to the speaker, why are some people moving back to the city?
