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It's no secret that any type of tobacco use is not healthy. But, for most people, it's hard to quit. That's because most of them started the habit as teenagers and because tobacco contains nicotine.
"Nicotine is a highly addictive, very powerful drug; teens are likely to use more than one form of tobacco. It could be cigarettes, small cigars, smokeless tobacco. And teens who smoke are likely to use electronic cigarettes, which also deliver nicotine. (23) The more nicotine that you get. The more addicted you are, the more difficult it is for you to quit." said Dr. Kimberly Horn.
There is no one technique for quitting that works for everyone. Some turn to e-cigarettes for help. Cici is hoping electronic cigarettes can help her kick the habit. She said, "After many years of smoking. I really don't like the smell of smoke. I don't like the taste it leaves in my mouth. And I don't like the fact that other people are going to be bothered by the tobacco smoke."
Studies show electronic devices can work for some people, but not for others. Behavioral therapy and medicine, gum and nicotine patches that reduce nicotine cravings might help. Dr. Nancy and other researchers designed a program to help smokers quit while they were in the hospital and stay smoke free after they were discharged. (24) Patients were given a nicotine patch and advice in the hospital with follow-up support after they left. "We know that medication works and that advice works, but they both together work much better than either one alone," Nancy said. Seventy percent of smokers in that program were still smoke-free six months after leaving the hospital.
The U.S. government and private organizations have been running antismoking campaigns since 1964. (25) A study from the Yale School of Public Health found that those who quit during this time period had a 30-percent improvement in the expectation of life.
23. What does Dr. Kimberly Horn think of smoking?
24. What was given to the patients in hospital in Dr. Nancy's program?
25. What happened to those who quit during anti-smoking campaigns?
众所周知，烟草会损害人体健康。但是，对于大多数人来说，戒烟绝非易事。因为他们大多是从青少年开始吸烟的，而且烟草中含有尼古丁。
“尼古丁是一种很容易上瘾、药效很强的物质。青少年所吸的烟草更为多样化。包括香烟、小雪茄、无烟烟草。青少年们也可能会使用电子香烟，但电子香烟也会释放尼古丁。吸入体内的尼古丁越多，烟癮越大，就越难戒掉。”金伯利·霍恩博士表示。
目前没有发现任何有效的戒烟方法。于是有些人开始吸电子香烟。有烟瘾的西西希望电子香烟能帮自己戒掉这个习惯。她说：“吸了这么多年，我真的厌恶了烟味，不喜欢嘴巴里烟叶的味道，我也讨厌因烟味引起他人的反感。”
研究表明，电子香烟对某些人或许有用，但并非对每个人都有用。行为疗法、药物、口香糖和尼古丁贴片等可降低烟瘾者对尼古丁的渴望。南希医生和其他的研究人员研究了一项能帮吸烟者戒烟的计划他们会在医院进行，且出院后完全可以戒掉。患者在医院时可以得到一个尼古丁贴片及一些医疗建议，他们出院后仍可继续得到帮助。“药物疗法和咨询疗法都有一定的成效，若两者结合起来，其效果比只用一种办法更为显著。”南希说。参与该计划的吸烟者中，70%的人出院后的六个月内仍保持着无烟状态。
1964年以来，美国政府及一些私人组织不断地开展禁烟运动。耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的一项研究表明，在此期间戒烟的人其预期寿命提高了30%。
问题23. 金伯利·霍恩博士对吸烟有何看法？
问题24. 南希医生的医院戒烟计划具体是什么？
问题25. 在禁烟运动期间戒烟的人有何变化？
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