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Passage One
When the world mourned Nelson Mandela at his funeral on December 10, 2013, few would remember that early on, (9) the father of the modem South African nation was feared and condemned by many nations for advocating violence.
As young, Nelson Mandela had a rebellious streak. He was a founding member of the Youth League of the African National Congress, combating apartheid at a young age. In 1961, he founded and became co-chairman of the ANC's military wing.
Its tactics included bombing power plants, military installations, and transportation lines.
(l0) In 1962, Mandela was convicted of conspiracy and he began serving a life sentence two years later.
The 1960s brought a change in tactics by groups campaigning for change. Once local and confined to a specific area of conflict, they now focused on the anti-colonial unification of groups worldwide.
The 1970s and 1980s brought heightened fears of the Cold War and global terrorism.
Britain was battling the military wing of the Irish Republican Army. Analysts say Mandela was lumped along with terrorists in western perception.
(11) In 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher narrowly escaped injury when an IRA bomb exploded at a Conservative Party meeting in Brighton. Five party members were killed.
In 1987, Thatcher branded the ANC a terrorist organization.
Following South Africa's transition to black majority rule and Mandela's election as president, many feared his ascension to power.
(12) But those who feared a freed Nelson Mandela pursuing power in South Africa have watched him lead, govern, and forgive.
Question 9. What is the passage mainly talking about?
Question 10. What happened to Nelson Mandela in 1962?
Question 11. What happened to British Prime Minister in 1984?
Question 12. What happened when Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa?
文章一
2013年12月10日，当全世界都在纳尔逊·曼德拉的葬礼上为他哀悼的时候，几乎没有人会记起这位现代南非之父曾经因为主张暴力而被很多国家谴责和惧怕。年轻时候的纳尔逊·曼德拉有反叛倾向。他是非洲国民大会青年联盟的创始人之一，从年轻时就开始对抗种族隔离。1961年，他创建了非洲国民大会的军事派别，并成为其联合主席。此军事派别的战略包括炸毁发电厂、军事设施和交通线路。1962年纳尔逊·曼德拉被判犯有阴谋罪，两年以后被判处无期徒刑。20世纪60年代，战略发生了改变，转变成了集体活动。他们曾局限于关注某一特定区域出现的冲突，但是现在他们会将注意力集中在联合全世界反殖民主义的团体上。二十世纪七八十年代是冷战和全球恐怖分子更加严重的时期。英国在忙着对抗爱尔兰共和军的军事派别。分析家称在西方观念中，曼德拉已经与恐怖分子紧密相连。1984年，当爱尔兰共和军的一枚炸弹在布赖顿的保守党会场爆炸时，英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔侥幸没有受伤。五名党员被杀。1987年，撒切尔将非洲国民大会归类为恐怖组织。后来南非出现了黑人占多数的统治以及曼德拉当选总统的转变，很多人都对曼德拉的掌权感到恐惧。但是那些对重获自由并在南非追求权力的纳尔逊·曼德拉感到惧怕的人看到的却是（英明的）领导、（有力的）统治和（无私的）宽容。
问题9 这篇文章主要在讲什么？
问题10 1962年纳尔逊·曼德拉发生了什么事？
问题11 1984年，英国首相发生了什么事？
问题12 纳尔逊·曼德拉被选为南非总统时，发生了什么事？
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