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Unit 2
Text A
Pre-reading Activities
1. There are many traditional forms of courtesy toward women — gestures like lighting their cigarettes for them or standing up when they enter a room. What others can you think of?
2. As you listen to the passage the first time, see if it mentions any of the polite gestures that you thought of. Then listen again for the answers to the following questions:
a) Where do you imagine the incident the woman describes took place?
b) What courtesy did she expect?
c) What, in the man's view, is the basis of a lot of common courtesy?
3. What do you think of the woman's argument about everyday reality? What about the man's view of common courtesy?
The Titanic Puzzle Should a good feminist accept
priority seating on a lifeboat?
Charles Krauthammer
You're on the Titanic II. It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking. And, as last time, there are not enough lifeboats. The captain shouts, "Women and children first!" But this time, another voice is heard: "Why women?"
Why, indeed? Part of the charm of the successful movie Titanic are the period costumes, the period extravagance, and the period prejudices. An audience can enjoy these at a distance. Oddly, however, of all the period attitudes in the film, the old maritime tradition of "women and children first" enjoys total acceptance by modern audiences. Listen to the audience boo at the bad guys who try to sneak on the lifeboats with — or ahead of — the ladies.
But is not grouping women with children a raging anachronism? Should not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women?
Yet its usage is as common today as it was in 1912. Consider these examples taken almost at random from recent newspapers:
"The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of them women and children..."
"As many as 200 civilians, most of them women and children, were killed..."
"At the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims, including 33 women and children, were killed..."
At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multi-national corporations, how can one not wince when adult women are routinely classed with children? In Ahmici, it seems, 70 adult men were killed. And how many adult women? Not clear. When things get serious, when blood starts to flow or ships start to sink, you'll find them with the children.
Children are entitled to special consideration for two reasons: helplessness and innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience. Consequently, they are defenseless (incapable of fending for themselves) and blameless (incapable of real sin). That's why we grant them special protection. In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helpless, have put their lives in our hands. And in wartime, they are supposed to be protected by special immunity because they can have threatened or offended no one.
The phrase "women and children" attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in five-year-olds. Such an attitude perhaps made sense in an era dominated by male privilege. Given the disabilities attached to womanhood in 1912, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as lifeboat seats were being handed out. That deference — a somewhat more urgent variation on giving up your seat on the bus to a woman — complemented and perhaps to some extent compensated for the legal and social constraints placed on women at the time.
But in our era of extensive social restructuring to grant women equality in education, in employment, in government, in athletics, what entitles women to the privileges — and reduces them to the status — of children?
Evolutionary psychologists might say that ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species: Women are indispensable child-bearers. You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men, but not if the men survive and only a few of the women. Women being more precious, biologically speaking, than men, evolution has conditioned us to give them the kind of life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.
The problem with this kind of logic, however, is its depressing reductionism. It's like a serious version of the geneticist's old joke that a chicken is just an egg's way of making another egg. But humans are more than just egg-layers. And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies. So why do we say "women and children"?
Perhaps it's really "women for children." The most basic parental bond is maternal. Equal parenting is great, but women, from breast to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways that men cannot. And thus, because we value children, women should go second. The children need them.
But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far. What if there are no children on board? You are on the Titanic III, and this time it's a singles cruise. No kids, no parents. Now: Iceberg! Lifeboats! Action!
Here's my scenario. The men, out of sheer irrational heroism, should let the women go first. And the women, out of sheer feminist self-respect, should refuse.
Result? Stalemate. How does this movie end? How should it end? Hurry, the ship's going down.
(759 words)
New Words
feminist
n. a person who believes that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men 女权主义者
* feminine
a. of or having the qualities suitable for a woman 女性的；女子气的
charm
n. a pleasing or attractive feature or quality 魅力
* costume
n. clothes, esp. clothes from a particular place or during a particular historical period; clothes worn by actors during a film or play （一个地区、一个时期流行的）服装；戏装
extravagance
n. the use of more (of sth.) than is necessary 挥霍，奢侈
* extravagant
a. 1. wasteful of money; too costly 奢侈的；浪费的
2. (of ideas, behaviour, etc.) uncontrolled; beyond what is reasonable 过度的；越轨的
boo
v. show disapproval or contempt for sb./sth. by shouting "boo" （对…）发出“呸”的声音（表示嫌恶或强烈的不满）
anachronism
n. sth. outdated or obsolete; sth. from one historical period incorrectly associated with another 过时现象；时代错误
usage
n. the way sth. is used; the way words are used in a language 用法；使用；（词的）惯用法
* random
a. done, chosen, etc. without conscious choice 胡乱的；任意的
* massacre
n. the killing of a large number of people or animals 屠杀
combat
n. a fight or fighting between two armies, etc. 战斗
aircraft
n. (pl. unchanged) a plane or other vehicle that can fly in the air 航空器，飞机
wince
vi. suddenly and briefly show pain in one's facial expression 脸部肌肉抽搐，皱眉蹙眼
entitle
vt. 1. (to) give (sb.) a right (to have or do sth.) 给…权利；给…资格
2. give a title (to a book, etc.) 给（书等）题名
consideration
n. 1. careful thought and attention 考虑
2. (for) thoughtful attention to the wishes and feelings of others 体贴；关心
faculty
n. 1. any of the powers of the body or mind; a particular ability for doing sth. 才能；能力；天赋
2. all the teachers and workers of a university or college （高等院校的）全体教师及职工
fend
v. (for) look after 照料
protection
n. the action of protecting or the condition of being protected 保护，防护
protective
a. 1. that protects sb. or sth. from harm 保护的，防护的
2. (towards) having or showing a strong desire to protect （对人）关切保护的
