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一、定语从句
限制性定语从句，前边没有逗号，可以用that引导，从句中缺宾语时引导词可以省略。
非限制性定语从句，前有逗号，不能用that引导，引导词不能省略。
二、关系代词
人 who/that who/whom/that whose
物 which/that which/that whose
注意：1)先行词在从句中作宾语时，引导词可以省略(非限制性定语从句不可以);
2) 介词后不能跟 that，who;
3)who在从句中作宾语时为不规范用法。
既缺先行词，又缺引导词的情况，如：
1)Is this factory ____ we visited last year?
2)Is this the factory ____we visited last year?
A. that B. which C. the one D.what
解析：此类题目我们应先将其变为陈述句。1)变后为：This factory is ____ we visited last year.再有其汉语意思“这个工厂是我们去年参观的那一个”。可知1)中缺少先行词，答案中只有项the one 这个代词可以充当。故1)答案 C。
2)变为陈述句后为：This is the factory ____ we visited last year.由此可知此句缺少引导词。切先行词在从句中作宾语，因此答案为A或B。
三、介词前置
从句中与先行词搭配的介词可放到引导词前。
The athlete whom you talked to is a famous runner.= The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。
The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.
四、关系副词=介词+关系代词(which)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.= I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing。
such+先行词+as+定语从句
the same+先行词 +as+定语从句
Eg: I like the same book as you do.
