第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，共40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
It was fifteen past nine as Marie hurried into the office building where she was going to work. Her bus had inched along through heavy miming traffic, making her a few minutes late for her very first job. She decided to start out half an hour earlier the next day.
Once inside the lobby, she had to stand at the elevators and wait several minutes before she could get on one going to the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office marked "Smith Enterprises", she knocked at the door nervously and waited. There was no reply. She tapped on the door again, but still there was no answer. From inside the next office, she could hear the sound of voices, so she opened the door and went in.
Although she was sure it was the same office she had been in two weeks before when she had the interview with Mr. Smith, it looked quite different now. In fact,. t hardly looked like an office at all. The employees were just standing around chatting and smoking. In the front of the room, somebody must have just told a good joke, she thought, because there was a loud burst of laughter as she came in. For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her.
Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped his hands and said something to the others. Quickly they all went to their desks and, in a matter of seconds, everyone was hard at work. No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door and explained that this was her first day in the office. Hardly looking up from his work, he told her to have a seat and wait for Mr. Smith, who would arrive at any moment. then Marie realized that the day's work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived. Later she found out that he lived in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train every morning, arriving in the office at 9:35, so that his staff knew exactly when to start working.
56. Marie could hardly recognize the office she went into as__ .
A. she had been there only once B. Mr. Smith was not m the office
C. nobody was doing any work D. the office seemed different
57. The peopling the office suddenly started working because___.
A. their morning break was ended B. the boss was about to arrive
C. they saw a stranger in the office D. no one wanted to talk to Marie
58. We can infer from the text that the employees of the enterprise___.
A. were cold to newcomers
B. were always punctual for work
C. lacked devotion to the company
D. would' start their work by listening to a joke
59. The best title for this text would be___ .
A. Punctual Like A Clock B. A Cold Welcome
C. An Unpunctual Manager D. Better Late Than Never

B
When e-mail first came into general use about twenty years ago, there was a lot of talk about the arrival of the paperless office. However, it seems that e-mail has yet to revolutionize office communication. According to communications analyst Richard Metcalf, some offices have actually seen an increase in paper as a result of e-mail. "Information in the form of e-mal messages now floods our computer screens. These messages can be sent so quickly that memos（备忘录） tend to be distributed in the hundreds. For those secretaries whose bosses ask them to print out all their e-mails and leave them in their in-trays, this means using up a great deal of paper every month," Metcalf says.
Metcalf has found that because some e-mails get lost in cyberspace, important documents are increasingly likely to be asked by clients（客户）and colleagues to send all important documents both by e-mail and by fax or "snail mail" - through the post. This highlights a further potential problem with e-mail in today's offices - it is taking up time rather than saving it. "With e-mail, communication is much easier, but there is also more room for misunderstandings," says psychologist Dr David Lewis. Generally, much less care is taken with e-mails than with letters or faxes and the sender will probably print the document and reread it before putting it in an envelope or sending it by fax.
More worrying is still the increasing misuse of e mail for sending "flame-mail" - abusive or inappropriate e-mail messages, Recent research in several companies suggests that aggressive communications like this are on the increase. E-mail has become the perfect medium for expressing workplace dissatisfaction because it is so instant.
E-mail can also be a problem in other ways. Staffs all too often make the mistake of thinking that the contents fan e-mail, like things said over the phone, are private and not permanent. But it is not only possible for an employer to read all your e-mails, it is also perfectly legal. E-mail messages can be traced back to their origin for a period of at least two years, so you might want to rethink e-mailing your dissatisfaction about your too to your friends. The advice is to keep personal e-mails out of the office.
It goes without saying that e-mail exists to make life easier, and if used correctly, it is an invaluable tool for businesses of all sizes. But perhaps, for the time being, the fact that in the business world 70 percent offal documents are still in paper form is not such a bad thing after all.
60. Why has the promise of the paperless office not come true in many offices?
A. People write more memos than they used to.
B. Staff leave messages lying around their offices.
C. Many managers prefer to read their messages on paper.
D. Many secretaries keep paper copies of their bosses' e-mails.
61. What does Richard Metcalf say about e-mail in Paragraph 2?
A. It is not an appropriate channel for sending important information.
B. It increases the amount of paperwork done in offices.
C. It is not popular with many secretaries.
D. It is a less efficient channel than fax.
62. Why should employees not use company e-mail systems for personal messages?
A. Because company e-mail systems are not easy to use.
B. Because e-mail is not a private means of communication.
C, Because they allow people to express their anger immediately.
D, Because the people the messages are sent to can't respond immediately.
63. What does the writer conclude about e-mail in the last paragraph?
A. It has already made life a lot easier for many businesses.
B. It is not being used enough in business today.
C. It is really useful when people use it properly.
D. It will never replace written communication.

C
Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution,-which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past human race managed to live with it. Modern inventiveness has changed this. Either man will end war, or war will end man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological（使用细菌的）or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ending nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in kiting people, but by agreement with principles of law. It is not easy to, change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology（观念，思想意识）would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents （追随者，支持者） believe in them so fanatically
that they are willing to go to war in support of them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.
64. In the sentence "To do this, we need to persuade mankind" （Para l）, "this" refers to .
A. abolish war B. improve weapons
C. solve international problemsD. live a peaceful life
65. From Paragraph 2 we loam that the author of the passage .
A. is an adherent of some modern ideologies
B. does not doubt the truth of any ideologies
C. believe that the adoption of some ideology could prevent war
D. does not think that adoption of any ideology could prevent war
66. The last paragraph suggests that .
A. nuclear war will definitely not take place
B. man begins to realize the danger of nuclear war
C. nuclear war has already been understood by people
D. imitational agreements can be reached more easily now

D
Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States - we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newsboy or dealing with a family medical problem. In spite of the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitter]y, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent（先例）". In fact, every step of the way, as Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.
As Yale law professor Anne Alcott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the Family as a social good that, ill some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is '"no exit" when it comes to children. “Society expects - and needs -parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that hum art beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities, And society expects- and needs - parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed. "
While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children's welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing responsibilities society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue（不断积累） to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizens, In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money （including lost wages）, is equal to 20-30% of entire domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefits - as they clearly do – the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
67. What do we learn about paid fancily leave from the first paragraph?
A. America is now the only developed country without the policy.
B. Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.
C. It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.
D. It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
68. What is Professor Anne Alcott's argument for parental support?
A. The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing.
B. The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries,
C. Good parenting benefits society.
D. Children need continuous care.
69. What does the author think of America's large body of family Yaws governing children's welfare?
A. They fail to ensure children's healthy growth.
B. They fail to provide enough support for parents,
C. They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities.
D. They impose the care of children on parents,
70. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?
A. It is regarded as a legal obligation.
B. It relies largely on social support.
C. It is basically a social undertaking.
D. It produces huge social benefits.

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