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III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she__51__ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is __52__ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to __53__ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. __54__, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhapsthe best way to __55__ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to __56__ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.
Memory can be __57__ affected by a number of things. __58__ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent __59__ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it __60__ to register information in the brain.
When people talk about memory, they often__61__ short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. __62__, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which __63__ information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.
Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough __64__. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not __65__ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.
51. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs
52. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient
53. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out
54. A. After all B.Instead C.By contrast D. Besides
55. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease
56. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen
57. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly
58. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various
59. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage
60. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient
61. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down
62. A. Furthermore B. However C.Consequently D. Otherwise
63. A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores
64. A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time
65. A. restore B. record C. replace D. respond
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In 1991, high in the mountains of Europe, hikers made a discovery: a dead man partly frozen in the ice. However, the police investigation soon became a scientific one. Carbon dating indicated that the man died over 5,300 years ago. Today he is known as the Iceman and has been nicknamed “?tzi” for the ?tztal Alps where he was found. Kept in perfect condition by the ice, he is the oldest complete human body on the earth.
Scientists think he was an important person in his society. An examination of his teeth and skull tells us that he was not a young man.His arms were not the arms of a laborer. His dagger(匕首) was made of stone, but he carried a copper axe. This implies wealth, and he was probably from the upper classes.We know he could make fire, as a fire-starting kit was discovered with him. Even the food he had eaten enabled scientists to reason exactly where in Italy he lived.
But why did the Iceman die in such a high and icy place? There have been many theories. Some said he was a lost shepherd. Others thought he was killed in a religious ceremony. Over the years since he was found, tiny scientific discoveries have led to great changes in our understanding of the story of the Iceman. The newest scientific information indicates that he was cruelly murdered. “Even five years ago, the story was that he fled up there and walked around in the snow and probably died of exposure,” said Klaus Oeggl, a scientist at the University of Innsbruck in Austria. “Now it’s all changed. It’s more like a…crime scene.”
In June 2001, an X-ray examination of the body showed a small dark shape beneath the Iceman’s left shoulder. It was the stone head of an arrow. It had caused a deadly injury that probably killed him very quickly. In 2003, an Australian scientist discovered the blood of four different people on the clothes of the Iceman. Did a bloody fight take place before his murder? Injuries on his hand and head indicate that this may be true. One theory, put forward by archeologist (考古学家) WalterLeitner, says that the Iceman’s murder was the end of a fight for power among his people. However, this idea is certainly debatable.
66. What does “?tzi”refer to ________.
A. the oldest perfectly preserved human body
B. the most famous tourist attraction?tztal Alps
C. an important discovery by the police of Europe
D. the person living in ?tztal Alps for a long time
67. After the examination of the Iceman, scientists believe that ________.
A. he died at an early age
B. he made a fire-starting kit
C. he had a higher social status
D. he was born at a village in Italy
68. According to Klaus Oeggl, the Iceman died from________.
A. a serious disease B. a snow disaster
C. a religious faith D. a terrible murder
69. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. The life of ancient people in the AlpsMountains.
B. The cruel religious life of the Europeans in the past.
C. The discovery andpossiblecause of death of the Iceman.
D. The application of carbon dating technology to the Iceman.
