Questions 1-7

　　Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

　　Write your answer in Boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.

　　TRUE if the statement reflets the claims of the writer

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossbile to say what the writer thinks about this

　　1. Apple enjoys a controlling position in digital music market with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store.

　　2. DRM is a government decree issued with a purpose to protect downloaded music from theft by consumers.

　　3. Lack of standardization in DRM makes songs bought for one kind of music player may not function on another.

　　4. Apple has been criticized by European regulators since it has refused to grant a license FairPlay to other firms.

　　5. All music can be easily played on non-iPod music devices from Sony or Microsoft without too much fiddling.

　　6. Apple depends far more on DRM rather than branding for its dominance of the digital music devices.

　　7. If DRM was cancelled, Sony would certainly dominate the international digital music market.

　　Questions 8-10

　　Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 8-10 on your answe sheet.

　　8. Which of the following statements about Mr. Jobs' idea of DRM is NOT TRUE?

　　A. DRM places restrictions on consumer' choice of digital music products available.

　　B. DRM comples iTunes buyers to switch to a device made by Sony or Microsoft.

　　C. DRM constitutes a barrier for potential consumers to enter digital music markets.

　　D. DRM hinders development of more stores and players and technical innovation.

　　9. The word "unfazed" in line 3 of paragraph E, means___________.

　　A. refused

　　B. welcomed

　　C. not bothered

　　D. not well received

　　10. Which of the following statements is TRUE if DRM was scapped?

　　A. Sony would gain the most profit.

　　B. More customers would be "locked in".

　　C. A sudden increase in piracy would occur.

　　D. Online-music sales would probably decrease.

　　Questions 11-14

　　Complete the notes below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

　　Mr. Steve Jobs, the boss of Apple, explains the reason why he used to defend DRM, saying that the company was forced to do so: the record companies would make their music accessible to …11...only if they agreed to protect it using DRM; they can still…12…if the DRM system is compromised. He also provides the reason why Apple did not license FairPlay to others: the company relies on them to …13….But now he changes his mind with a possible expectation that Europe's regulators would not trouble him any more in the future. He proposes that those who are unsatisfactory with the current situation in digital music market should …14… towards persuade the music companies to sell their music DRM-free.

　　Keys and explanations to the Questions 1-13

　　1. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph A "… the future of digital music, which Apple dominates with its iPod music-player and iTunes music-store."

　　2. FALSE

　　See the third sentence in Paragraph A "…At issue is "digital rights management" (DRM)—the technology guarding downloaded music against theft."

　　3. TRUE

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph A "Since there is no common standard for DRM, it also has the side-effect that songs purchased for one type of music-player may not work on another."

　　4. TRUE

　　See the second sentence in Paragraph B "It has come under fire from European regulators who claim that its refusal to license FairPlay to other firms has "locked in" customers."

　　5. NOT GIVEN

　　The third sentence in Paragaph B only mentions music from the iTunes store, nothing about that of Sony or Microsoft. "Since music from the iTunes store cannot be played on non-iPod music-players (at least not without a lot of fiddling)."

　　6. FALSE

　　See the last sentence in Paragraph E "So Apple's dominance evidently depends far more on branding and ease of use than DRM-related "lock in".

　　7. NOT GIVEN

　　See the fourth sentence in Paragraph F only mentions music generally, no particular information about business prospect of Sony "Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility."

　　8. B

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "All DRM does is restrict consumer choice and provide a barrier to entry, says Mr Jobs; without it there would be far more stores and players, and far more innovation."

　　9. C

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph E and the context "Mr Jobs is evidently unfazed by rivals to the iPod. Since only 3% of the music in a typical iTunes library is protected, most of it can already be used on other players today."

　　10. A

　　See the last four sentences of Paragraph F "Wouldn't it lead to a surge in piracy? No, because most music is still sold unprotected on CDs, people wishing to steal music already can do so. Indeed, scrapping DRM would probably increase online-music sales by reducing confusion and incompatibility. With the leading online store, Apple would benefit most."

　　11. the iTunes store

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph C "They would make their music available to the iTunes store only if Apple agreed to protect it using DRM."

　　12. withdraw their catalogues

　　See the third sentence of Paragraph C "They can still withdraw their catalogues if the DRM system is compromised."

　　13. produce security fixes

　　See the fourth sentence of Paragraph C "Apple cannot license FairPlay to others, says Mr Jobs, because it would depend on them to produce security fixes promptly."

　　14. redirect their energies

　　See the second sentence of Paragraph D "Rather than complaining to Apple about its use of DRM, he suggests, "those unhappy with the current situation should redirect their energies towards persuading the music companies to sell their music DRM-free."

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