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2004年考研英语英译汉翻译真题附答案和解析

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解析:
(61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
结构分析:
主句The Greeks // assumed // 宾语从句that 从句的主句the structure of / language // had some connection with // the process of / thought, // 定语从句which // took root in Europe // 时间状语从句long before // people // realized // 宾语从句how diverse // languages // could be.
词义推敲:
The Greeks:希腊人
assume:认为,假设,假定,承担
have connection with:与……有关系
the process of thought思想的过程;思维过程
which:指代前面整句,译作“这个观点”。
took rootin生根;扎根
long before 早在…之前
how diverse 多么的不同;多么的千差万别
diverse:多种多样的,不同的
参考译文:
希腊人(认为/以为),语言结构与思维的过程之间存在着某种联系。(这种想法/这一观点),(早在人们意识到语言会有多么千差万别之前在欧洲就已经根深蒂固了/在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根)。
得分重点:
宾语从句,定语从句,时间状语从句

(62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
结构分析:
主句We // are obliged to // them // 原因状语从句 because // some of / these languages // have since vanished, // 原因状语从句as // the peoples // 定语从句who // spoke // them // 并列结构1 died out / or 并列结构2 被动结构became assimilated // and lost // their native languages.
词义推敲:
be obliged to sb. 感激某人
them:指代“Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers”,译作“两位先驱”或者“他们”。
have since vanished从那以后就消失了,不复存在了
since 表示 “从此以后”之意
vanish:disappear消失
die out 灭绝
assimilate:吸收,同化
native languages 母语,本民族的语言
参考译文:
我们之所以(感激/感谢)他们(两位先驱),是因为从此以后,这些(土著)语言中(的一部分/有一些)(消失/已经不复存在)了,因为讲这些语言的人要么灭绝了,要么被同化了,因而丧失了(自己/本族)的语言。
得分重点:
原因状语从句,定语从句,并列结构,被动结构

(63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
结构分析:
主句The 前置定语newly described languages // were // 状语结构often // so strikingly different from // 多重定语the well studied languages / of Europe and Southeast Asia // 结果状语从句that some scholars // even accused Boas and Sapir of // fabricating // their data.
词义推敲:
newly described langauges 新描述、研究的语言
so ... that … 如此…以至于
strikingly different显著的不同
striking:显著的,突出的
the well studied languages经过充分研究的各种语言
accused sb. of sth. 指责/谴责某人作了某事
Boas and Sapir:(人类学语言学家)博厄斯和萨培尔,译作“博厄斯(Boas)和萨培尔(Sapir)”。
fabricating捏造, 伪造, 虚构
参考译文:
这些新近被描述的各种语言与(经过/得到)充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言(是如此的显著的不同/往往差别显著/惊人的差异/很大的不同),以至于一些学者甚至指责(博厄斯/Boas)和(萨培尔/Sapir)(编造/制造/捏造)了(他们的)资料。
得分重点:
结果状语从句,固定短语

(64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
结构分析:
原因状语Being interested in / the relationship of / language and thought, // 主句Whorf // developed // the idea // 同位语从句that the structure of language // determines // the structure of habitual thought // in a society.
词义推敲:
being interested in …应增加逻辑主语——Whorf,我们可以翻译为“Whorf对语思维的关系很感兴趣”
Whorf:人名,译作“沃尔夫”,或者不译。
develop与idea搭配,不宜译作“发展”,而译为“形成观点”
habitual thought 应译作 “习惯思维”
that:引导同位语从句可以译作“即”,“那就是”,或者用冒号、破折号代替。
the structure of habitual thought:习惯思维结构、模式
参考译文:
Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,他逐渐形成了这样一种(观念/观点):在一个社会里,语言的结构决定了习惯思维结构。
得分重点:
同位语从句,现在分词结构

(65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
结构分析:
主句Whorf // came to / believe in // a sort of / linguistic determinism // 定语从句 从句的主语which, // 插入结构in // its strongest form, // 谓语states // 宾语从句 并列结构1 that language // imprisons // the mind, // 并列结构2 and that the grammatical patterns / in a language // can produce // far-reaching consequences for / the culture of / a society.
词义推敲:
come to believe开始相信
come to:开始做,碰巧做
a sort of:一种,某种
linguistic determinism语言决定论
linguistic:语言的,语言学的
determinism:…论,…主义
in its strongest form在其最强烈的形式下,其极端形式
imprison the mind禁锢思维
参考译文:
Whorf/沃尔夫(逐渐接受/进而相信)某种(类似)语言决定论的观点;这种观点的极端说法是:语言禁锢了思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
得分重点:
定语从句,宾语从句,插入结构,并列结构

重点单词   查看全部解释    
produce [prə'dju:s]

想一想再看

n. 产品,农作物
vt. 生产,提出,引起,

联想记忆
linguistic [liŋ'gwistik]

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adj. 语言的,语言学的

 
military ['militəri]

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adj. 军事的
n. 军队

联想记忆
exotic [eg'zɔtik]

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adj. 异国的,外来的,奇异的,脱衣舞的
n

联想记忆
grammatical [grə'mætikəl]

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adj. 语法的,合乎文法的

 
assimilate [ə'simileit]

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v. 使同化,吸收
n. 被同化的事物

联想记忆
spoke [spəuk]

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v. 说,说话,演说

 
assumed [ə'sju:md]

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adj. 假装的;假定的

 
hypothesis [hai'pɔθisis]

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n. 假设,猜测,前提

联想记忆
certain ['sə:tn]

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adj. 确定的,必然的,特定的
pron.

 

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