难句解析：
①Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
▲在第一个句子中，其主干为Much of the language..., makes it sound like...。used to describe monetary policy是用于修饰language的定语，后面的such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes"是对前面的language进行进一步说明。第二个句子是一个简单句。
△如上所述的句子主干被确定之后，句子就不难理解了。为了简化这个句子以便于理解，可以先把such as引导的部分忽略不看，那样整个句子就比较好掌握了。注意make it sound like a precise science当中it指代前面提到的monetary policy。
②Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
▲这句话承接前面陈述的原因。hence后面只是一个名词词组，中心词是the analogy，后面that引导定语从句修饰前面的analogy。with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介词词组修饰前面的名词car。注意此句没有谓语动词，只是一个名词性的短语。
△理解这句话的关键在于hence的用法。hence的意思是“for this reason，因此，所以”，主要用于书面语，是副词，可以连接一个完整的句子，也可以只跟一个名词。例如：Baby found a pot of paint, hence all the marks on the wall。另外liken A to B意思是“把A与B相比，把A比作B”。
③This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
▲这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两个子句，是递进关系。第一句话中，no可以用not a代替。后面一个句子中inflation是主语，使用了被动语态的现在完成时态。lower是表语，than expected和in Britain and America，以及前面的over the past couple of years都是介词短语作状语。
△首先应该注意到那个分号，可以把分号前后分别作为一个简单句单独对待。另外在后面一个句子中，应该抓住inflation has been... lower...这个基本结构（被动语态，现在完成时态）。flash in the pan是习语，意思是a sudden success that will not be repeated，接近汉语中的“昙花一现”。
④Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.
▲这是一个主从复合句，连词since连接了两个句子。主句的主干是Economists have been... surprised by...。原因状语从句的主干是conventional measures suggest that...，代词that引导了宾语从句作为suggest的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，and especially America's相当于especially America's economy，是前面主语both economies的同位语，用于强调美国经济。
△这里应该首先注意到since这个连词，然后分别理解两个句子，再把它们放在一起，这个句子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意suggest不是“建议”的意思，而应该是“显示，指示”。
⑤The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
▲在第一个句子里面，主干是... explanation is... a little defective。这是一个主语+系动词+表语结构。副词unfortunately是插入语，作状语。第二个句子的主干并不复杂：... economists argue that...，代词that后面是宾语从句。这个宾语从句的基本结构为structural changes... have upended... models...，其中structural changes是主语，have upended是现在完成时态的谓语，models是宾语。这个宾语models后面是一个that引导的限定性定语从句，修饰models。
△第一个句子相对比较简单。第二个句子看着很长，但是只要明确了句子的主干，就很容易把整个句子看明白。可以先甩掉宾语从句中的那个定语从句(that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation)，这样这个句子结构就显得简单多了。然后再接这个定语从句，整句的意思就浮出水面了。另外注意upend一词由动词短语end up衍生而来，意为“结束，推翻”。

来源:可可英语 http://www.kekenet.com/kaoyan/201407/310049.shtml