As he thought about the microprocessor—a chip that had an entire central processing unit on it—he had an insight. He had been designing a terminal, with a keyboard and monitor, that would connect to a distant minicomputer. Using a microprocessor, he could put some of the capacity of the minicomputer inside the terminal itself, so it could become a small stand-alone computer on a desktop. It was an enduring idea: keyboard, screen, and computer all in one integrated personal package. “This whole vision of a personal computer just popped into my head,” he said. “That night, I started to sketch out on paper what would later become known as the Apple I.”

当他想到微处理器时——也就是带有一整块中央处理单元的芯片——他有了一个想法。他一直在设计一台终端机，带有键盘和显示器，可以连接到一台小型机上。利用一枚微处理器，他就可以将小型机的一部分性能转移到终端机上，这样终端机就可以变成一台独立的小型台式机。这个主意在他脑海中萦绕了很久：键盘、屏幕、计算机整合在一套个人装置中。“我脑子里就突然冒出来这个关于个人电脑的设想，”他说，“那天晚上，我开始设计后来成为AppleI计算机的草图。”

At first he planned to use the same microprocessor that was in the Altair, an Intel 8080. But each of those “cost almost more than my monthly rent,” so he looked for an alternative. He found one in the Motorola 6800, which a friend at HP was able to get for $40 apiece. Then he discovered a chip made by MOS Technologies that was electronically the same but cost only $20. It would make his machine affordable, but it would carry a long-term cost. Intel’s chips ended up becoming the industry standard, which would haunt Apple when its computers were incompatible with it.

起初他打算使用与阿尔泰上一样的微处理器，英特尔8080。但每一枚芯片“比我一个月的房租还贵”，所以他就开始寻找替代品。他找到了摩托罗拉6800，他有一个在惠普工作的朋友能以40美元一枚的价格搞到。之后他又找到了MOS科技公司（MOSTechnologies）制造的一款芯片，在电子特性上与摩托罗拉6800是一样的，但每枚只要20美元。这样一来他的机器的价格就会更低廉，让人买得起，但也为此付出了一个长期的代价——英特尔的芯片后来成为了行业标准，而苹果的电脑因为与之不兼容而饱受困扰。

After work each day, Wozniak would go home for a TV dinner and then return to HP to moonlight on his computer. He spread out the parts in his cubicle, figured out their placement, and soldered them onto his motherboard. Then he began writing the software that would get the microprocessor to display images on the screen. Because he could not afford to pay for computer time, he wrote the code by hand. After a couple of months he was ready to test it. “I typed a few keys on the keyboard and I was shocked! The letters were displayed on the screen.” It was Sunday, June 29, 1975, a milestone for the personal computer. “It was the first time in history,” Wozniak later said, “anyone had typed a character on a keyboard and seen it show up on their own computer’s screen right in front of them.”

每天下班以后，沃兹尼亚克就回到家，一边看电视一边吃晚饭，然后就回到惠普公司连夜研究他的计算机。他把零件散布在他的小隔间里，搞清楚它们放置的部位，然后焊到主板上去。之后他开始编写软件程序，能够让微处理器在屏幕上显示图像。因为承担不起使用电脑的花费，他所有的代码都是手写的。几个月之后，他准备好测试了。“我在键盘上按了几个键，然后就震惊了！那些字母都显示在了屏暮上。”那天是1975年6月29日，星期天，个人电脑历史上具有里程碑意义的时刻。“那是历史上第一次，”沃兹尼亚克后来说，“一个人在键盘上按下几个字符，然后在自己面前的屏幕上看到它们立刻被显示了出来。”

Jobs was impressed. He peppered Wozniak with questions: Could the computer ever be networked? Was it possible to add a disk for memory storage? He also began to help Woz get components. Particularly important were the dynamic random-access memory chips. Jobs made a few calls and was able to score some from Intel for free. “Steve is just that sort of person,” said Wozniak. “I mean, he knew how to talk to a sales representative. I could never have done that. I’m too shy.”

乔布斯也大吃一惊。他连问了沃兹尼亚克好几个问题：这台电脑能联网吗？是否有可能添加一块磁盘作为存储器？他还开始帮沃兹尼亚克找来零件。最为重要的就是DRAM（动态随机存取存储芯片）。乔布斯打了几个电话，就免费从英特尔得到了一些芯片。“史蒂夫就是那样的人，”沃兹尼亚克说，“他知道怎么跟销售代表说话。我就不行，我太羞涩了。”

Jobs began to accompany Wozniak to Homebrew meetings, carrying the TV monitor and helping to set things up. The meetings now attracted more than one hundred enthusiasts and had been moved to the auditorium of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Presiding with a pointer and a free-form manner was Lee Felsenstein, another embodiment of the merger between the world of computing and the counterculture. He was an engineering school dropout, a participant in the Free Speech Movement, and an antiwar activist. He had written for the alternative newspaper Berkeley Barb and then gone back to being a computer engineer.

乔布斯开始跟随沃兹尼亚克一起参加家酿计算机俱乐部的会议，他背着显示器帮忙组装。这个会议已经吸引了100多个狂热爱好者，会议地点也转移到了斯坦福线性加速器中心的大礼堂，之前乔布斯和沃兹也正是在这个中心找到了那本帮助他们制造蓝盒子的电话系统手册。会议由另一位反主流文化与计算机产业融合的代表人物李·费尔森施泰因（LeeFelsenstein）主持，他手拿指示器，态度随意自由。他是工程学院的辍学生，曾经参加过言论自由运动，也是一名反战分子。他也曾为地下报纸《伯克利芒刺报》（BerkeleyBarb）写过文章，之后又干回老本行，成为了一名电脑工程师。

Woz was usually too shy to talk in the meetings, but people would gather around his machine afterward, and he would proudly show off his progress. Moore had tried to instill in the Homebrew an ethos of swapping and sharing rather than commerce. “The theme of the club,” Woz said, “was ‘Give to help others.’” It was an expression of the hacker ethic that information should be free and all authority mistrusted. “I designed the Apple I because I wanted to give it away for free to other people,” said Wozniak.

每次会议开场，费尔森施泰因都会进行一个“映射”环节，发表一些简短的评论，然后由一名指定的爱好者进行正式的演示，最后是“随机存取”环节，大家随意走动，互相交流。沃兹由于太害羞，通常不会在会上发言，但大家在会议结束后会聚集在他的机器旁，他就会很自豪地演示他的进展。摩尔为这个俱乐部灌输的精神就是交换与分享，而不是做买卖。“这个俱乐部的主题，”沃兹说，“就是乐于奉献，帮助他人。”这是黑客伦理的一种体现：信息应该是免费的，也不能迷信权威。“我之所以设计AppleI，就是因为我想把它免费贡献给别人。”沃兹尼亚克说。

This was not an outlook that Bill Gates embraced. After he and Paul Allen had completed their BASIC interpreter for the Altair, Gates was appalled that members of the Homebrew were making copies of it and sharing it without paying him. So he wrote what would become a famous letter to the club: “As the majority of hobbyists must be aware, most of you steal your software. Is this fair? . . . One thing you do is prevent good software from being written. Who can afford to do professional work for nothing? . . . I would appreciate letters from anyone who wants to pay up.”

但比尔·盖茨不是这么想的。他和保罗·艾伦完成了阿尔泰电脑的BASIC语言编译器后，家酿计算机俱乐部的成员复制了该编译器并且在没有付费给他的情况下相互分享，这让盖茨很是没料到。于是他绘俱乐部写了那封著名的信：“请大多数业余爱好者们意识到，你们的软件都是偷来的。这公平吗？……你们这样做只会让别人不再愿意编写好的软件。谁能承受得起无偿进行专业的工作？……如果有谁愿意付钱的话，给我来信，我会很感激。”