重点讲解：
1. tend to do
倾向于做某事；
eg. We tend to be traditional rather than fashion-forward in our designs.
我们的设计往往流于传统而没有超前意识。
eg. A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars tend to be noisy.
制造商们遇到的一个问题是，重量较轻的汽车往往噪音大。
2. base on
以……为基础；
eg. He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.
他根据被俘囚犯提供的证据得出了这个结论。
eg. One own view should base on the fact.
一个人应该以事实作为自己看法的依据。
3. make up of
由……构成； 由……组成；
eg. The appeal jury is made up of 12 people.
陪审团由12人组成。
eg. Life is made up of little things.
人生是由琐碎的事物构成的。
4. refuse to do
拒绝做某事；
eg. He refused to comment after the trial.
庭审之后他拒绝作出评论。
eg. I simply refuse to conceive of such a solution.
这样的解决办法，我是绝对不考虑的。