重点讲解：
1. be known as
称为；叫做；
eg. He was known as a tall, handsome man about town.
他以高大英俊的花花公子形象为人所知。
eg. The process, in which the tea develops its characteristic astringency, is known as fermentation.
茶开始散发涩味的过程称作发酵。
2. according to
据…所说；按…所载；
eg. According to local folklore it is an evil place.
据当地民间传说，那是个不祥的地方。
eg. According to Mandy, Pat's tough exterior hides a shy and sensitive soul.
据曼迪说，帕特彪悍的外表下隐藏着一颗害羞且敏感的心。
3. be due to
由于；因为；
eg. Our new washing-machine keeps breaking down it's entirely due to shoddy workmanship.
我们的新洗衣机老出毛病——完全是因为做的质量太差。
eg. Her forgetfulness is due to advancing age.
她由于年事已高而变得健忘。