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n. 假设，猜测，前提
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第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Walking to Exercise the Brain
Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve students’ grades? Think again. Getting some exercise may help, too.
New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn’t exercise.
Previous research had shown that mice learn, remember, and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel. Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don’t. Their brain cells also make more connections.
Neuroscientists（神经科学家）from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people. First, they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults, ages 58 to 77, after each person walked 1 mile. Then, participants looked at arrows on a computer screen and had to use computer keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing.
Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task, and their answers were just as accurate as their less-fit peers, the researchers found. The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions.
In a second study, 15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training（有氧运动）course were faster at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning（韵律操）exercises for the same amount of time.
So, even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days for just 10 to 45 minutes can help. That should be good news for the elderly.
The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven’t been studied yet. Still, it can’t hurt to take occasional breaks and go for a walk or run around with friends. Whatever you do, though, don’t try to read and walk at the same time. You could end up hurting yourself!
31．Walking regularly helps elderly people
A．lose weight.
B．become happier.
C．concentrate better.
D．look younger.
32．After taking exercise for a few weeks, the mice were found to have
A．higher blood pressure.
B．faster heartbeat.
C．more blood flow to the brain.
D．better appearance.
33．The first study on 41 elderly people found
A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster.
B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster.
C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers.
D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers.
34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least
A．3 minutes.
B．45 minutes.
C．30 minutes.
D．10 minutes.
35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should
A．run around once a week.
B．not read and walk at the same time.
C．go for a walk every day.
D．not hurt their friends while exercising.
第二篇 Night of the Living Ants
When an ant dies, other ants move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure — and so soon — that another ant is dead.
Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California, found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead — take me away.”
But there’s a twist to Choe’s discovery. Choe says that the living ants — not just the dead ones — have this death chemical. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, it’s telling other ants that it’s dead.
What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, “Wait — I’m not dead yet.” So Choe’s research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, “I’m dead,” the other set says, “I’m not dead yet.”
Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive.
Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies, the chemical that says “Wait — I’m not dead yet” quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only the one that says “I’m dead” is left. “It’s because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard (墓地), not because its body releases new, unique chemicals after death,” said Choe. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they haul away the body. This was Choe’s hypothesis（假设）.
To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae（蛹）. When the scientists used the “I’m dead” chemical, other ants quickly hauled the treated pupae away. When the scientists used the “Wait — I’m not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated pupae a- lone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides（优胜于）the “dead” chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
36．The phrase “this death chemical” in paragraph 3 refers to
A．the chemical that contains poison.
B．the chemical that announces death.
C．the chemical that prevents death.
D．the chemical that causes death.
37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants?
A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead.
B．When an ant is dead, others move its body out of the nest.
C．If an ant is unconscious, it is moved out of the nest.
D．Living ants have the “I’m dead” chemical on their bodies.
38．According to Choe’s hypothesis, ______
A．the “I’m dead” chemical leaves the body of an ant when it dies.
B．an ant still smells like a living one when it dies.
C．an ant gives off a new chemical when it dies.
D．the “I’m not dead yet” chemical leaves the body of an ant when it dies.
39．According to paragraph 7, what is the result of the test on Choe’s hypothesis?
A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong.
B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing.
C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising.
D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis.
40．The passage “Night of the Living Ants” tells us about
A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at night.
B．what an ant does at night.
C．how an ant finds its way in darkness.
D．what happens when an ant dies.
第三篇 The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I. since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might lie her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C．, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman a- bout the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
41．The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains.
B．the melted ice made him visible.
C．he was lying on the ice.
D．he was just on a mountain pass.
42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The Iceman was killed while working.
B．The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C．The Iceman lived a poor life.
D．The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
43．All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A．he was a soldier in World War I.
B．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father.
C．he was born about a thousand years ago.
D．he came from Italy.
44．The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A．was probably in some kind of a battle.
B．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
C．had got a wound on the back of his head.
D．had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
45．The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could he best replaced by
A．soldiers.
B．hunters.
C．shooters.
D．robbers.
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| hypothesis | [hai'pɔθisis] | 联想记忆 | ||
| devastating | ['devəsteitiŋ] | |||
| promotion | [prə'məuʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| striking | ['straikiŋ] | |||
| convincing | [kən'vinsiŋ] | 联想记忆 | ||
| approach | [ə'prəutʃ] | 联想记忆 | ||
| fault | [fɔ:lt] | |||
| shift | [ʃift] | |||
| commercial | [kə'mə:ʃəl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| restricted | [ris'triktid] |
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