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n. 装置，设计，策略，设备
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第一篇 Calculating Crime
When you think about math, you probably don’t think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.
People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal the identity of the criminal. It’s long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it’s easier to get around in one’s own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.
But Mike O’Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of an offender’s home base by combining these patterns with a city’s layout and historical crime records.
The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets—that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections（十字路口）are. O’Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal’s patterns change with age. (It’s been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.)
Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O’Leary’s uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.
The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O’Leary says that criminology—the study of crime and criminals—contains a lot of good math problems. “I feel like I’m in a gold mine and I’m the only one who knows what gold looks like,” he says. “It’s a lot of fun.”
31．Which of the following statements about math is true?
A．It is too difficult for the police to use in finding criminals.
B．Few people associate it with finding criminals.
C．Some criminals make use of it when committing crimes.
D．it has long been employed in solving crimes.
32．People tend to think there is a relationship between
A．the time of a crime and the age of the criminal.
B．the type of a crime and the identity of the criminal.
C．the pattern of a crime and the equipment of the criminal.
D．the location of a crime and the residence of the criminal.
33．O’Leary includes all the following information in writing his program EXCEPT
A．the records of past crimes.
B．the locations of police bureaus.
C．the people living in the city.
D．the change of a criminal’s patterns with age.
34．O’Leary’s program is different from other similar software in that
A．it is inexpensive.
B．it is more user-friendly.
C．it uses more math.
D．it is available all over the world.
35．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that O’Leary
A．will develop programs for other governmental departments.
B．is going to use math in looking for gold.
C．thinks it’s interesting to learn math.
D．will further use math in studying crimes and criminals.
第二篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.
Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized（大力宣传的）efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept food that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, lead investigator on the study.
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.
“Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes. “Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more. ”
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. “For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said. “A supertaster finds lowsalt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced.”
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity（敏锐）exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.
36．John Hayes pointed out that
A．food with less salt tastes better.
B．many people make efforts to accept low-salt food.
C．many people never cat low-salt food.
D．it is good to health to eat food without salt.
37．The fourth paragraph briefly describes
A．how the subjects were selected and what they were asked to do.
B．why the number of subjects was limited to 87.
C．why more male subjects were chosen than female ones.
D．how salty foods were made and distributed to the subjects in the research.
38．It is true that
A．nontasters like to share salty cheese with supertasters.
B．nontasters consume more salt because they like intense tastes.
C．supertasters like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.
D．supertasters like snack foods more as they contain higher levels of saltiness.
39．Supertasters prefer high-salt cheese because
A．it is good to health.
B．it is rich in nutrition.
C．it has intense bitter tastes.
D．it tastes less bitter.
40．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that taste acuity is
A．identified with certain chemicals.
B．developed over time after birth.
C．related to one’s eye and hair color.
D．genetically determined.
第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?
Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication — having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.
The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.
On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning（扫描）equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree.
What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.
As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often.
41．People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that
A．they’re popular.
B．they’re useful.
C．they’re cheap.
D．they’re convenient.
42．The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by
A．cured.
B．removed.
C．discovered.
D．caused.
43．The salesman retired young because
A．he couldn’t remember simple tasks.
B．he disliked using mobile phones.
C．he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.
D．his employer’s doctor persuaded him to.
44．On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies
A．deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.
B．develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.
C．hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.
D．try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.
45．The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people
A．to use mobile phones less often.
B．to buy mobile phones.
C．to update regular phones.
D．to stop using mobile phones.
| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| device | [di'vais] | |||
| potentially | [pə'tenʃəli] | |||
| modification | [.mɔdifi'keiʃən] | 联想记忆 | ||
| pressure | ['preʃə] | 联想记忆 | ||
| invade | [in'veid] | 联想记忆 | ||
| display | [di'splei] | |||
| split | [split] | |||
| military | ['militəri] | 联想记忆 | ||
| theoretical | [θiə'retikəl] | |||
| tend | [tend] |
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