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Hello, I'm Niamh.Welcome to Oxford Online English!
大家好，我是 Niamh。欢迎收看 Oxford Online English！
In this lesson you can learn how to start a conversation in English.
在本节课，你可以学习英语中如何展开一段对话？
Have you ever found yourself at a party where you wanted to talk to people but didn't know what to say?
你有没有发现过当自己在一个派对上，你想要和别人交谈却不知道如何开口？
Or maybe you've been in a new class, full of people waiting for the teacher to arrive, and there's complete silence?
或者你到了一个新班级，所有人都在等老师来，教室里一片鸦雀无声？
You want to start a conversation with another student, but you're not sure how.
你想和另一个学生交谈，但是你不确定该怎么做。
Don't worry, you're not the only one!Let's look at some simple ways to start a conversation.
不要担心，你不是唯一一个这样的人。让我们看几个开起对话的简单方法。
First, make eye contact and smile.Don't worry, most people are shy too!
首先，保持目光接触和微笑。不要担心，大多数人都害羞！
Part one: start a conversation by commenting on what's around you.
第一部分：通过评论周围事物开起对话。
So, what can you actually say?A good trick is to comment on what's around you.
所以，你实际上可以说什么呢？有一个好方法，就是评论你周围的事物。
So, if you're at a party, you could say something like, "Hi, great party isn't it?"
所以，如果你在一个派对上，你可以像这样说：“嗨，很棒的派对，是吧？”
Or, if it's your first English class, you could say something like, "I've heard this is a really good school."
或者如果是在你的第一堂英语课上，你可以像这样说：“我听说这个学校真地特别好。”
Or, if you're at a restaurant with some colleagues, you could say something like, "I love the fish—it's so tasty!"
再或者，如果你和一些同事在饭店，你可以这么说，“我喜欢吃鱼，它味道真好！”
It's a good idea to say something positive to create a good impression!
一个好主意是说一些积极的事，这样可以留一个好印象。
You don't want to start complaining to someone you've just met.
你不想在一个你刚刚遇见的人面前发牢骚把。
After your opening, be ready with a follow-up question.
在你开起对话后，准备好一个继续性问题。
So, if you say something like, "I've heard this is a really good school," you could ask them why they chose it too, like this: "I've heard this is a really good school.
所以，如果你像这样说，“我听说这个学校真地特别好，”你可以问问他们为什么也选择这个学校，比如：“我听说这个学校真地特别好。
Why did you choose it?"Or, "This is a really great party!Who do you know here?"
你为什么选择它呢？”或者，“这真是一个很棒的派对！你在这认识什么人么？”
Or, "I love the fish—it's so tasty!Have you been to this restaurant before?"
或者，“我喜欢吃鱼，它味道真好！你以前来过这家饭店吗？”
Another great topic is the weather, especially in places like Britain and Ireland where the weather is always changing and unpredictable.
另一个不错的话题是天气，特别是在像英国和爱尔兰这样气候多变，难以预测的地方。
You could say something like, "It's very warm today isn't it?"Or, "Bit cold, don't you think?"
你可以像这样说，“今天真暖和啊，不是吗？”或者，“有点冷呢，你不觉得吗？”
It's not the most interesting way to start a conversation, but sometimes you just need to get started.
这并不是开起一段对话最有趣的方式，但是有时候你只是需要有一个开始。
It doesn't really matter what you say.Part two: start a conversation by talking about people you both know.
你说什么其实不是最关键的。第二部分：通过谈论你们都认识的人来开始对话。
Here's another thing you can try: if you're at a social event, like a party, you might both know the same people.
还有一件事你可以试一下：如果你在一个社交活动中，比如一个派对，你们可能同样认识一些人。
Try asking how they know the person whose party it is.For example: "How do you know John?"
试着问问他们是如何认识派对的举办者的？比如：“你是怎么认识 John 的？
They might not know John and be grateful for an introduction!
他们可能并不认识 John 而且感谢有人介绍！
If you're in your first English class, you could ask another student about our teacher: "So, who's our teacher? "
如果你在第一堂英语课上，你可以问问另一个学生关于你们的老师：“我们的老师是谁？”
Then, ask a follow-up question, like: "Where's she from?"
接着，问一个继续性问题，比如：“她从哪来？”
If you're at work, you could ask something like: "So, who's your manager?"
如果你在上班，你可以这么说：“谁是你的主管？”
Don't forget the follow-up question: "So, do you get on alright with him?"
不要忘了继续性问题：“你和他相处地还愉快吗？”
Follow-up questions are really important, so make sure you have one ready!
继续性问题真的很重要，所以确保你准备好了一个。
They really help to get the conversation started and to show that you're interested in the other person.
他们真地能让对话展开并且显示你对另一个人很感兴趣。
Part three: start a conversation by complimenting someone.
第三部分：通过称赞某人来开起对话。
Complimenting someone is a great way to start a conversation.
称赞某人是开起对话的一个很棒的方式。
Everyone likes hearing nice things about themselves, right?
每个人都喜欢听关于自己的好话，对吧？
Imagine you're at a party.You see someone you want to talk to.
想象你在一个派对上。你看到了一个你想要和其交谈的人。
They're wearing a t-shirt with a band you recognise on it, so you could say something like, "Hey, nice T-shirt!
他们穿着一件T恤，上面印有一个你认识的乐队，这样你可以这么说，：“嗨，T恤不错！
I like that band too.How did you hear of them?"Let's look at something quickly.
我也喜欢这个乐队。你是怎么知道他们的？”让我们快速地看一些东西。
What's the difference between a follow-up question like: "How did you hear of them?"
这两个继续性问题之间有什么区别呢？一个像这样：“你是怎么知道他们的？”
And: "Do you like their song '----------'?"Which do you think is better?Well, the first is an open-ended question.
另一个：“ 你喜欢他们的 ‘---------- ’这首歌么？”你认为哪个更好呢？第一个是一个启发式问题。
It has many possible answers, and it will probably make the other person say more.
它有很多可能的答案，它可能会使另一个人说很多。
If you ask a closed yes/no question, then it can lead to a short answer, making it harder to continue the conversation.
如果你问一个 yes/no 式的封闭式问题，就会有一个很简短的回答，这会让继续对话变得困难一些。
So, try to make follow-up questions with words like what, when, where, how and why.
因此，试着问这样的继续性问题，带有像 what，when，where，how and why 这些单词的。
Using open-ended questions will help to keep the conversation going.What else can you compliment the person on?
利用启发式问题能帮助保证对话继续进行。你还可以称赞一个人什么呢？
When visiting someone's house for the first time, it's always a good idea to tell them what you like about it.
当第一次参观某人的房子时，告诉他们你喜欢哪里一直都是一个好主意。
For example, "Your house is beautiful.Did you decorate it yourself?"
比如，：“你的房子真漂亮。你自己装修的吗？”
Follow-up questions could be something like, "Where did you get your ideas?"Or, "How did you choose the colors?"
继续性问题可以像这样，“你是怎么得出想法的呢？”或者，“你是如何选择颜色的？”
Another situation: your friend cooks for you and the food is delicious.
另一种情景是：你的朋友为你做了饭，而且很美味。
Tell your friend how much you like it and again, ask an open-ended question.
再次告诉你朋友你是多么喜欢，然后问一个启发式问题。
"This is delicious.How did you make it?"Or, "This is so good!
“这个真好吃。你是怎么做的？”或者，“这个太棒了！
Is it typical where you're from?"Part four: start a conversation by asking for advice.
这是你家乡的特色么？”第四部分：通过询问意见来开起对话。
Let's look at another way to start a conversation.
让我们来看一下开起对话的另一种方式。
If a person asks you for your advice, does it make you feel needed?
如果某人问你的意见，它会让你觉得自己被需要吧？
A lot of people like to be asked their opinion.
很多人喜欢被询问他们的想法。
Imagine you're at a company lunch and you find yourself sitting beside someone you've never met before.
想象你在公司用午餐，你发现你坐在了一个之前从未见过的人旁边。
You could try asking them if they've been to this restaurant before and if they recommend anything from the menu.
你可以试着问他们之前是否来过这家餐厅或者菜单中他们是否有任何推荐。
For example, "Have you been here before?
比如：“你之前来过这么？
What do you think looks good on the menu?" Or, "Would you recommend anything in particular?
你觉得菜单上什么看起来不错？”或者，“你有什么特别推荐吗？
I like chicken but I'm not sure if it's good here."
我喜欢鸡肉但是我不确定这里的鸡肉好不好。”
Or simply, "What are you thinking of getting?"
或者简单点，“你想点什么？”
OK, new situation: you join a class to learn English.
新的情景：你参加了一门课程来学习英语。
Everyone else in the class already knows each other, and you don't know how to join in with the others.
教室里的其他人已经都认识彼此了，但是你不知道如何加入到他们中去。
Don't worry—this is a great opportunity to get some advice about the school and the classes.
不用担心，这是一个绝佳的机会去询问一些关于学校和课程的意见。
You could try asking, "Do you know which social activities are good at this school?"
你可以试着问，“你知道这个学校有什么好的社交活动吗？”
"How much extra study would you recommend doing outside of class?"
“你会建议多少课程外的额外学习时间呢？”
Or, "What else can we do here to practice English?"
或者，“我们还可以做什么来练习英语？”
You might get some useful information as well as meeting a new person!
你可以在认识一个新伙伴的同时了解到一些有用的信息！
Part five: start a conversation by asking people about themselves.
第五部分：通过问关于对方自身的问题来开始对话。
Do you like it when someone shows that they're interested in you, your life and your ideas?
当有人表示他们对你，你的生活和你的想法很有兴趣时，你会喜欢吗？
I know I do, so try asking other people about themselves!
我知道我喜欢，所以试着问他人关于他们自己的一些信息。
A good trick is to make a comment about yourself, and then ask the other person to respond.
有一个好方法，就是先评价一下你自己，然后让其他人作出回应。
Hopefully you can find something in common, and then it will be easy to keep the conversation going!
但愿你们能发现一些共同点，之后就可以很容易地继续对话了。
For example, "I love real pizzas when they're made in the traditional Italian way.
比如，“我喜欢正宗的披萨，以传统地意大利做法制作的那种。”
What do you think of Italian food?"Or, "I'm a huge Chelsea fan.Who do you support?"
你觉得意大利菜怎么样？”或者，“我是 Chelsea 的骨灰级粉丝。你支持谁？”
Or maybe, "These lessons are really interesting, aren't they?
也可以这样，“这些课真地很有趣，不是吗？
What made you decide to study English?"Remember, it's good to keep it light-hearted.
是什么让你决定学英语呢？”记住，最好保持轻松的话题。
Avoid heavy topics like religion and politics with someone that you've just met.I hope you enjoyed this free lesson.
在一个你刚遇见的人面前要避免沉重的话题比如宗教和政治。我希望你们喜欢这节免费课程。
You can find the full script and more free online lessons at Oxford Online English dot.com.Thanks for watching!
你可以在我们的网站 Oxford Online English dot.com 找到完整的字幕和更多免费课程。感谢观看！
