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Meanwhile, a three-drum percussion Orchestra is keeping time while two onstage vocalists clank brass cymbals
同时 舞台上会有两名歌手一边敲着铜钹一边唱着文本 文本包含第三人称的叙述和第一人称的对话
and sing the text—both the third-person narration and the first-person dialogue.
台下会有一个三鼓打击乐团跟着打拍子
Because trying to perform any bhava and sing throughout an entire all-night show would be exhausting.
因为表演任何一种巴瓦并且唱一整晚的歌会让人筋疲力尽
Scripts for the Kathakali dramas typically run a 30 or 40 pages.
“卡塔卡利舞剧”的剧本通常有30到40页
And if you're thinking: um, that sounds really short for an all-night performance?
你是不是在想：呃 一整晚的表演竟然只有这么短的剧本吗
You're right. That's because the scripted words are only one component,
没错 就这么短 因为脚本语言只是表演的一部分
and not even the most important one, the music and the singing and the dancing matter just as much.
甚至都不是最重要的 除此之外 音乐、歌曲和舞蹈也同样重要
Once an actor has become an expert in a role, he's encouraged to add some passages of dance and dialogue that he has created.
一旦某个演员成为演某个角色的专家 那么他就会被鼓励增添一些自创的舞蹈和对话
This dialogue is always spoken and never sung. Audiences expect to see these improvisations,
对话的表演形式是说而不是唱 观众很喜欢看这种即兴表演
and it's one of the ways that they judge a performance's success.
同时这也是评判演出是否成功的一种方式
Lots of stuff makes Kathakali awesome. But the stage makeup is really something to behold.
让“卡塔卡利舞剧”变得出众的元素有很多 其中它的“舞台妆”就值得我们来探究一番
So hold on to your blending sponges people. We're gonna go to the thoughtbubble.
所以 抓住你的混合海绵宝宝 我们来看思想泡泡
There are seven types of characters in Kathakali. and every type gets his or her or its own makeup, which takes two to four hours to apply.
“卡塔卡利舞剧”有七种人物类型 每种人物类型都有自己的专属妆容 演员们一般要花上四个小时的时间来上妆
"Green" or "Puccu" is for gods and epic heroes like Arjuna. They're upright moral and full of calm inner poise.
“绿色”或者“帕察” 代表的是神和比如“阿朱那”这样史诗级别的英雄人物 他们品行端正 内心平静
"Ripe" or "Payuppu" is an orange red shade. that's used for the gods Balarama, Brahma, Shiva, and Surya.
“里佩”或者“帕尤普” 是橘红色 代表的是神“大力罗摩”、“梵天”、“湿婆神”、和“太阳神”
"Knife" aka "Cutti" refers to the sinister mustache that evil King characters wear. Their faces are green, just like heroes.
“娜伊芙” 又名“卡提” 代表的是邪恶的国王角色戴的邪恶的胡子 他们的脸是绿色的 和英雄脸的颜色一样
But the red mustache lets us know that this green person is no good.
不过我们能通过红色的胡子来判断这个绿色的人不是什么好人
"Beard" or "White" is pretty self-explanatory white beards are for divine types, like The Monkey King Hanuman.
“白胡”或者“塔提” 不言自明 白色胡须是神圣的象征 比如“猴王哈努曼(印度神话中的猴神)”
"Black beards" are for evil schemers. "Red beards" are for evil characters "Laurent schemers".
“黑胡”代表邪恶的阴谋家 “红胡”指的是邪恶人物“劳伦特阴谋家”
Black stage makeup called "Kari" is for demon.
黑色的舞台妆叫作“卡瑞” 代表的是“魔鬼”
Radiant or shining makeup called "Minukku" is used for heroines and spiritually woke heroes.
喜气妆叫作“弥纽库” 代表女英雄和精神觉醒的英雄
"Special" or "Teppu" is for the other characters in the repertory, about 18 of them who don't fit any of the above types.
“特殊妆容”或者“塔普”是指剧目里的其他角色 约有18个角色不属于上述任何一种类型
After actors are made up and dressed, they placed a crushed seed called "Contapubo" under each eyelid.
演员们化好妆穿好衣服之后 他们会在眼皮下面放一种叫作“康塔普布”的碎种子
Supposedly, the seed doesn't hurt. It irritates the eye just enough that the eyes turned rent, which is considered more expressive.
据推测 这种种子不会伤到眼睛 它刺激眼睛的力度刚刚好到眼睛撕裂的程度 这样会使表演更具表现力
Evil beard characters insert fangs. Black demoness characters strap-on fake breasts. Elaborate headdresses are affixed.
邪恶的胡子角色插入尖牙 黑色的恶魔角色绑上假胸 之后再戴上精心制作的头饰
And just before going on stage, actors apply long silver nails to their left hand which helps accentuate those hand gestures.
在上台之前 演员们会在左手上贴上长长的银色指甲 这样有助于增强他们的手势表演的效果
Thanks thought-bubble. While Kathakali is a more secular form than its predecessors
谢谢思想泡泡 虽说“卡塔卡利舞剧”比它的前辈们都要世俗
and intended for a larger audience, it still draws from both sacred and secular traditions.
而且面向的观众群体也更广泛 不过它仍借鉴了神圣和世俗传统里的故事桥段
And it's stories often show the gods engaged in a form of divine play.
“卡塔卡利舞剧”的故事展现的一般是众神以一种神圣的方式参与到戏剧当中来
Because even gods need a break from all that God stuff to enjoy some amateur dramatics.
因为即使是神也需要休息 需要放下手头所有的神职来享受一些业余的戏剧表演
Let's look at an example from a popular Kathakali drama, one still performed today with a story drawn from the Mahabharata.
我们来看一部很火的“卡塔卡利舞剧” 这个舞剧至今都有演出 里面的故事来自《摩诃婆罗多》
Ladies and gentlemen, it's Kiratam.
先生们女士们 请看《库拉塔》
Arjuna, one of the Pandava brothers and pretty much the greatest Archer the world has ever known,
阿朱那 班度兄弟之一 也是世界上最伟大的弓箭手
discovers that he's gonna need an incredible weapon to defeat his mean caravel cousins.
他发现自己需要一件超级厉害的武器来击败自己那邪恶的表哥
The pashupatastra should do. It's the most destructive weapon in the universe, kind of like an arrow with a nuclear warhead on the tip.
没错 这个武器就是“利刃之箭” 它是宇宙里破坏性最强的武器 有点类似一支配了核弹头的箭
In order to convince the god Shiva to give it to him, he goes to the Himalayas and does a bunch of penance in advance. because Shiva likes austerity.
为了说服湿婆神把箭给他 他去了喜马拉雅山 提前做了一些苦修 因为湿婆喜欢节俭
Shiva is impressed, but she still wants to test Arjuna. So Shiva disguises himself as a hunter named Kurata.
湿婆给他加了印象分 不过她还是想测试一下阿朱那 之后湿婆伪装成一个叫“库拉塔”的猎人
In disguise, he starts giving Arjuna a hard time, about which of them killed a wild boar. And they fight.
伪装之下 他开始给阿朱那设难 内容大概就是看他们谁能杀死一头野猪 于是他们开始拼杀
So here's some advice: don't go up against a God. Because Shiva wins easily.
所以给你个建议：千万不要和神作对 因为湿婆轻轻松松就能赢
But luckily, Arjuna has the good sense to realize. He's been subdued by a God.
不过幸运的是 阿朱那比较聪明 他败在神麾之下之后
Instead of getting mad, he humbles himself and goes back to penance.
并没有气馁 而是保持谦卑 继续苦修
This self-discipline impresses Shiva who gives him the arrow.
于是他的自律又给自己加了分 神婆最终把剪交给了他
Arjuna thanks him and praises his play-acting and disguised by saying "by means of your play, you protect the whole universe!", which is a pretty good review.
阿朱那感谢了神婆 称赞了神婆的表演和伪装技术 他说：是你的‘表演’保护了整个宇宙 嗯 很会恭维
Kurata isn't the most dramatic of Kathakali plays. There's no demon to kill at the end.
《库拉塔》并不是“卡塔卡利舞剧”最出彩的一部戏剧 因为结局没有要杀死的恶魔
But it's a play that shows how the form dances between the secular and the sacred and honors values dear to Hinduism like bravery and humility.
不过这是一部展示了“卡塔卡利舞剧”如何在世俗和神圣之间切换自如的戏剧 并且它强调了印度教所看重的价值观 比如“勇敢”和“谦卑”
And it argues that playing around with makeup and costumes and fancy dialogue can also be a holy act.
它还表达了一种观点：玩玩儿化妆、穿搭和花里胡哨的对话什么的也可以是一种神圣的表演
Most theories of theatre have the art form beginning with song and dance.
大多戏剧理论的艺术形式的诞生都是从歌舞开始的
And while in the Western theatre, the written word has gained primacy.
在西方戏剧中 书面语已经获得了至高无上的地位
In many Asian and Southeast Asian countries, highly communicative forms of music and dance remain essential components of performance.
而在许多亚洲和东南亚国家 音乐和舞蹈这种高度的交流形式仍是表演的重要部分
So join us next time, as we look at Beijing opera—a form with even more elaborate headdresses.
所以 下集加入我们 因为下集我们要去看“京剧” 一种头饰更加精致的艺术形式
Until then, worldly illusion, I mean, curtain.
下集见 来吧“世俗的幻觉” 嗯好吧 闭幕！
