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【试题详解】
1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.”原文中with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population和题干中with more and more low-income students pursuing higher education意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。
2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题目中的D项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为D。
3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。
C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。
4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡?英泽相信__。
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与D项it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为D。
5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。
【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in the state’s public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B
6. 【原题译文】依大卫?莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?
A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案A项They would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为A。
7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?
C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。
【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案C选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为C。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid部分第四句指出：“These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify”。 这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。
9. recognizes
【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段：“Recommendation for this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。
10. excellence
【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence和show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。
