2014年北京市朝阳区高考英语二模试卷(附答案)

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C
How Much Exercise Do I Need?
When it comes to exercise, less is not more—but it’s certainly better than none. Physical inactivity accounts for as many as 23 percent of all deaths from major chronic (慢性的) diseases, yet almost one of every three Americans is sedentary (spending a lot of time sitting down). According to the Centers for Disease Control, 29.4 percent of those surveyed (调查) report they have no free-time physical activity at all. City people tend to be more active than country folks, with 27.4 percent saying they are sedentary, compared with 36.6 percent of those in rural areas.
Light activity can improve physical and mental well-being. While light activity is good, moderate (not very large or very small) activity is even better, and health experts encourage everyone to have at least 30 minutes a day of moderate physical activity. But you don’t have to head to a gym. As recent studies have confirmed, “lifestyle” activities, such as walking, house cleaning and gardening, are as effective as a structured exercise program in improving heart function, lowering blood pressure and keeping or losing weight.
In one study, overweight, sedentary middle-aged men and women who learned behavioral skills to make them more physically active, such as walking around airports or train stations while waiting for a departure, reduced their body fat percentage and improved their blood pressure and heart function as much as individuals participating in structured programs at a fitness center. In another study, fat women ranging in age from 21 to 60 who adopted a more active lifestyle lost as much weight as women in a low-impact aerobics (有氧健身) program—and regained fewer pounds in the following year.
Recognizing the value of different levels and types of activity, the American College of Sports Medicine has changed its recommendations on quantity and quality of exercise to include flexibility as well as aerobic and muscle exercise and to acknowledge that multiple short periods of exercise during the day are nearly as beneficial as one long session.

63. By saying that almost one third of Americans are sedentary, the author means ______.
A. they take proper exercise to be healthy
B. they know nothing about light activity
C. they are very fond of physical activity
D. they take little free-time physical activity
64. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. light activity is especially good for the middle-aged people
B. people like light activity because it won’t make them feel tired
C. people only need to do light activity three times a week to keep fit
D. light activity promotes people’s well-being physically and mentally
65. What do health experts suggest about moderate activity?
A. No less than half an hour’s moderate activity daily can do us good.
B. Moderate activity is no better than light activity to people.
C. “Lifestyle” activities don’t belong to moderate activity.
D. People may go to the gym to take moderate activity.
66. According to the passage, which of the following belongs to a structured exercise program？
A. Doing gymnastics at a gym. B. Taking outdoor activities.
C. Walking. D. Gardening.

D
Is Positive Thinking Powerful?
The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply stress how unhappy they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反馈) which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In the 1990s, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment. The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled, expressing little sympathy for them. When these participants were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-respect. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.” Those with low self-respect didn’t feel better after the forced self-approval. In fact, their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, on the contrary, can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

67. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A. There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.
B. Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.
C. The power of positive thinking is limited.
D. Unhappy people cannot think positively.
68. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. you are pointing out the mistakes he has made
B. you are not taking his mistakes seriously enough
C. you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent
D. you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults
69. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A. Self-approval can bring a positive change to one’s feelings.
B. People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.
C. It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.
D. Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.
70. It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.
A. people can avoid making mistakes through meditation
B. different people tend to have different ways of thinking
C. meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy
D. the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person