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III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
As anyone who has tried to lose weight knows, realistic goal-setting generally produces the best results. That is partially __51__ it appears people who set realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and make more effort, to achieve those goals.
What is far less understood by scientists, __52__, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-setting.
Newspapers relay（转发）accounts of goal-setting in industries and businesses up and down both Wall Street and Main Street, yet there has been __53__ little research on how the practice of setting goals may have __54__ to the current economic crisis, and unethical (不道德) behavior in general.
“Goals are widely used and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same __55__ that can push people to make more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to __56__ unethical behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School.
“It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal — you just get a psychological benefit.” Schweitzer says. “But in many cases, goals have economic __57__ that make them more powerful.”
A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues mention is the 2004 __58__ of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial encouragements to motivate salesmen to __59__ specific profit goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not __60__.
Other studies have shown that __61__ employees with unrealistic goals can force them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears __62__ a sales quota (配额) on its auto repair staff. It promoted employees to impose for work and to __63__ unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.
Schweitzer admits his research runs counter to (违背) a very large body of literature that __64__ the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have argued with his team’s use of such __65__ as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-recommended.
51. A. though B. unless C. when D. because
52. A. moreover B. furthermore C. however D. otherwise
53. A. surprisingly B. generally C. particularly D. potentially
54. A. objected B. contributed C. opposed D. tailored
55. A. definition B. appreciation C. motivation D. expression
56. A. engage in B. add to C. show off D. turn on
57. A. risks B. problems C. expenses D. rewards
58. A. claim B. collapse C. composition D. construction
59. A. need B. meet C. kneel D. feel
60. A. comfortable B. changeable C. favorable D. profitable
61. A. tiring B. burdening C. inspiring D. leading
62. A. overtake B. overlook C. overcharge D. overflow
63. A. blame B. discover C. complete D. direct
64. A. praises B. denies C. neglects D. excludes
65. A. problem B. factor C. purpose D. evidence
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The owner of an Alabama Chinese restaurant named “Good Friend” shot at a customer who complained about a bug in her egg roll Thursday night. The bullet narrowly missed 20-year-old Birmingham resident Jatari Walker who told the Daily News she is scarred by the entire experience.
“I can’t sleep,” she said Saturday afternoon. “And since it happened I’ve had no appetite.”
Walker ordered a combination platter（大浅盘） and egg roll from the Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant on Dennison Ave. Thursday evening. After paying her $7 bill she went back to her car and discovered a fly inside. “I thought I need to take this back,” she said.
The customer went back and asked for a repayment and said the owner Chun Hin Ching, 52, was unhappy with her because she announced her discovery in front of other customers. After an argument he repaid the money and Walker — who is now a former frequent customer of the business — turned and walked to the exit.
That’s when Ching drew a handgun and fired a single shot over her head.
“He just shot the gun at me and I ran,” she said, adding she could feel the bullet whiz past her head.
Birmingham Police Department spokesman Lt. Sean Edwards told the News the owner was charged with attempted murder and was transported to Jefferson County Jail on $100,000 bail（保释金）.
Police believe Ching intended to hit Walker with the bullet and missed, Edwards said. The bullet hit the top of the door frame of the take-out business.
Ching did not tell police why he fired at Walker, Edwards said.
Edwards said he did not recall any previous problems at the business. He said Ching did not say why he had a weapon but added it was not uncommon for stores in that neighborhood.
No one was injured from the gunshot, Edwards said.
Calls placed to the restaurant Saturday afternoon were not answered.
66. What happened on Thursday night in Good Friend Chinese and Seafood Restaurant?
A. A fire broke out but luckily no one was injured.
B. The restaurant owner refused to repay the money.
C. The egg rolls caused sickness among some customers.
D. A young woman narrowly escaped being killed by a bullet.
67. Why did Walker go back to the restaurant after buying the food?
A. Because she left her car key in the restaurant.
B. Because she discovered a fly in the egg roll.
C. Because she forgot to take the combination platter.
D. Because she found the owner charged her too much.
68. The restaurant owner fired on Walker when ______.
A. she was about to leave B. she was arguing with him
C. she asked for a repayment D. she announced her discovery
69. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. this is the first time for Walker to buy food from Good Friend Restaurant
B. the owner was unhappy with the complaint and refused to repay the money
C. it is common for a restaurant owner in that neighborhood to have a weapon
D. if someone had been hit, Ching’d have been charged with attempted murder
