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(B)
Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions (零排放的) vehicles,” but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Aside from the few folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators (发电机). Generators are fueled by something — usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. It’s just that the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean. It is not. It’s as if the California Greens (加州绿党) are covering their eyes — “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat — at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may power your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far — so electric cars burn more fuel than gas-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from nukes, or geothermal, or hydro, or solar, or wind, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
70.Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in paragraph 2?
A. Be familiar with. B. Be curious about.
C. Show their interest in. D. Fail to understand.
71.What can we learn about the California Green from the idea “If I can’t see it, it’s not happening”?
A. They do not know those clean cars are likely coal-burning cars.
B. They do believe the coal is burned somewhere else so it looks clean.
C. They tend to hold that electricity is a nice part of energy.
D. They tend to maintain that gasoline is a good way to run a vehicle.
72.According to the passage, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _______.
A. environmentally-friendly B. expensive
C. harmful D. efficient
73.We can get the conclusion from the passage that _______.
A. being green is good and should be encouraged in communication
B. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something
C. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment
D. electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins
(C)
For the most part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor countries? The answer is that they are even more likely than their rich-country counterparts (地位相当的人) to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain.
Traditional economics takes an optimistic line on integration (整合) and the developing countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labour have already been used up. If poor countries lower their barriers to trade and investment, the theory goes, rich foreigners will want to send over some of their capital.
If this inflow of resources arrives in the form of loans or portfolio investment (组合投资), it will top up domestic savings and loosen the financial restriction on additional investment by local companies. If it arrives in the form of new foreign-controlled operations, FDI, so much the better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labour and partly by making labour more productive.
This is why workers in FDI-receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from integration than workers in FDI-sending countries. Also, with or without inflows of foreign capital, the same gains from trade should apply in developing countries as in rich ones. This gains from trade logic often arouses suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa. Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these trades, both sides—exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders and workers can gain.
74.Why are workers in poor countries more likely to benefit from the process of globalization?
A. They can get more chances to gain a good job.
B. They can get more financial aid.
C. They have nothing to lose.
D. They have less to lose and more to gain.
75.What can be the final result of the inflow of the resource?
A. It will top up domestic savings.
B. It will loosen the financial restriction.
C. It will push people’s incomes up.
D. It will bring technology and skills from abroad.
76.What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. Poor countries get the most profit during the process of trade.
B. Rich countries get profit from trade at poor countries’ expense.
C. Poor countries get more profit from trade than rich ones.
D. All aspects involved in the trade can get benefit.
77.Which can be the most appropriate title for this passage?
A. Benefited or Hurt B. Who Benefits the Most
C. Helping the Poor D. The Inflow of Resources
