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航天安全专家质疑维珍太空船系统

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Safety procedures at Virgin Galactic, whose spacecraft crashed on a test flight last week, had too few safeguards to prevent a potential catastrophe, one of the world’s leading space safety experts has said.

维珍银河(Virgin Galactic)太空飞船上周在飞行测试中坠毁后,一位世界一流的太空安全专家表示,该公司安全程序的保障措施太少,不足以防止潜在的灾难。
Tommaso Sgobba, a former head of flight safety for the European Space Agency, said industry best practice calls for operators to build in “two-failure tolerance”, or sufficient safeguards to survive two separate, unrelated failures – two human errors, two mechanical errors or one of each. He believes that SpaceShipTwo’s systems fell short of that standard.

欧洲航天局(European Space Agency)前飞行安全负责人托马索•斯戈巴(Tommaso Sgobba)表示,行业最佳实践要求运营商内置“双重容错”,即建立足以抵御两个不相关故障的保障措施,这两个故障可能都是人为故障,也可能都是机械故障,亦或是人为及机械故障各一个。他认为“太空船2号”(SpaceShipTwo)达不到这个标准。

According to investigators, Virgin Galactic’s SpaceShipTwo disintegrated after a pilot wrongly unlocked the “feathering” mechanism – which slows the craft during its descent – too early. The mechanism then activated even though the separate lever to deploy it was not pulled. The craft’s co-pilot died in the subsequent crash.
据调查,维珍太空船2号是在一位飞行员太早解锁“顺桨”装置(用于太空船降落时减速)后解体的。随后这个装置被启动,即便用于展开顺桨的另一个手柄并未被拉起。太空船随后坠毁,副驾驶死于此次事故。
The feathering mechanism – which is vital to slow the aircraft but potentially deadly when it is accelerating – was typical of the safety systems that need to withstand human errors and mechanical failures, analysts said.
顺桨装置对飞船减速至关重要,但在飞船加速时启动它可能是致命的。分析人士指出,顺桨装置需要承受人为失误和机械故障,形成一个典型的安全系统。
Mr Sgobba said SpaceShipTwo’s systems, which required two levers to be moved before the wings went in to a “feathered” configuration, appeared to be designed to be “one-failure tolerant” – to stay safe in the event of a single pilot error or mechanical failure. But the system had not worked that way. The design would not be acceptable in other safety critical-industries, such as aeroplane manufacture, he added.
斯戈巴表示,太空船2号要求在机翼进入顺桨姿势前拉动两个手柄,但其系统貌似被设计成“单重容错”,即只能在一次飞行员失误或一次机械故障的情况下保持安全。但系统并未如此发挥作用。他补充说,这种设计是不会为其他安全关键的行业(比如飞机制造)所接受的。
Loren Thompson, an adviser to US aerospace companies, said other safety-critical US businesses, including suppliers to Nasa, required at least the “two-fault tolerance” Mr Sgobba described. He said it was a “significant concern” that some private space operators applied less stringent standards.
美国航空航天企业的顾问劳伦•汤普森(Loren Thompson)表示,美国其他安全关键企业,包括美国国家航空航天局(Nasa)的供应商在内,至少都需要达到斯戈巴所讲的“双重容错”。他说部分私人航天运营商采用较宽松标准是个“令人担忧的重大问题”。
Virgin Galactic, which is part of Sir Richard Branson’s Virgin Group, said the locking mechanism for the feathers represented two separate safeguards. There was a “procedural” safeguard, as the lock was meant to stay in place until after the most dangerous, early part of the flight, and a “mechanical” safeguard, in the form of the lock itself.
维珍银河公司隶属于理查德•布兰森爵士(Sir Richard Branson)的维珍集团(Virgin Group),该公司表示顺桨装置的锁定机构代表了两个不同的保障措施。一个是“程序性”保障,锁定机构应保持不动,直到飞船度过最危险的早期飞行阶段之后,另一个是“机械式”保障,即该机构本身。
Mr Sgobba said procedural rules could be seen as a safeguard in some circumstances, but “they are considered the least desirable”.
斯戈巴表示,在某些情况下程序规则可以被看作保障措施,但“它们被认为是最不可取的”。

重点单词   查看全部解释    
survive [sə'vaiv]

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vt. 比 ... 活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过

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pilot ['pailət]

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n. 飞行员,领航员,引航员
vt. 领航,驾

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acceptable [ək'septəbl]

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adj. 合意的,受欢迎的,可接受的

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prevent [pri'vent]

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v. 预防,防止

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tolerant ['tɔlərənt]

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adj. 宽容的,容忍的

 
potential [pə'tenʃəl]

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adj. 可能的,潜在的
n. 潜力,潜能

 
accelerating [æk'sæləreitiŋ]

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adj. 加速的,促进的,催化的 动词accelerat

 
desirable [di'zaiərəbl]

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adj. 值得有的,令人满意的,有吸引力的
n

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typical ['tipikəl]

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adj. 典型的,有代表性的,特有的,独特的

 
configuration [kən.figju'reiʃən]

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n. 结构,布局,形态,格式塔心理完形 [计算机] 配置

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