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The International Olympic Committee recently awarded the 2022 Winter Olympic Games to Beijing, which will host the sports gala with Zhangjiakou, a city in the neighboring Hebei province.
国际奥委会最近授予2022年冬季奥运会在北京开办，北京将会和邻省河北省的一个城市张家口共同主办这个体育盛会。
In the West, the response has been apprehensive, presumably because of concerns over rising costs and environmental damage. Indeed, the pride of hosting the Olympics has lost much of its luster in recent years. The Athens 2004 Summer Olympics left Greece with $11-billion in debt, and the cost of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics soared to $51 billion.
在西方,响应一直担心,大概是因为担心成本上升和环境的破坏。事实上,举办奥运会的骄傲已经在最近几年失去了光泽。2004年雅典夏季奥运会留给希腊110亿美元的债务,而2014年索契冬奥会成本飙升至510亿美元。
Last year, the IOC presented its Olympic Agenda 2020 aimed at promoting sustainability and reducing costs. The agenda seeks to transform the Olympics into a "plug-and-play" event. Moreover, selected host cities must fit the games into their environment with minimal damage.
去年,国际奥委会于2020年奥运议程旨在促进可持续性和降低成本。议程试图把奥运会变成一个“即插即用”的事件。而且,选择主办城市必须让主办项目以最小影响融入他们的环境。
In 2008, Beijing shut down many factories and plants to curb pollution, and the cost of hosting the Summer Olympics was $44 billion. During the 2022 Winter Games, however, Beijing hopes to portray a greener China, with a construction budget of only $3.1 billion.
2008年,中国政府关闭了许多工厂和植物抑制污染,举办夏季奥运会的成本是440亿美元。然而,2022年冬季奥运会期间,北京希望塑造一个更环保的中国,建设预算仅31亿美元。
At the same time, the capital region is likely to benefit from investments in infrastructure, including the Beijing-Zhangjiakou intercity railways, expansion of Beijing subway systems, upgraded highway networks and another regional airport.
与此同时,首都地区可能会从基础设施投资中获益,其中包括北京-张家口城际铁路、北京地铁系统的扩张,提升高速公路网络和另一个区域机场。
What about the environmental effects?
环境影响呢？
Beijing's vision is to develop a winter sports market for more than 300 million people in northern China. The plan is to reuse 11 of 12 venues built for the 2008 Olympics. The goal is to integrate the Winter Games with sustainable development plans for the wider region, focusing on clean energy, green technology, and improvement in ecology and air quality.
北京的目标是在中国北方开发一个超过30亿人的冬季运动市场。计划是重用为2008年北京奥运会修建的12个场馆中的11个。目标是更广泛地区的可持续发展计划整合冬季奥运会,关注清洁能源、环保技术,改善生态和空气质量。
In 2008, polluting factories were moved out of Beijing, and anti-smog regulations were implemented during the games. But the smog returned with revenge after the Summer Games. In 2022, the city's air is expected to be significantly better, thanks to the government's $7.6 billion anti-smog program, which is not directly linked to the Winter Games.
2008年,北京的污染工厂都搬出去了治理雾霾规定在奥运会期间实施，但夏季奥运会后的雾霾复仇一样又返回来了。多亏了政府出资76亿美元治理雾霾，虽然这项投资并不是针对冬奥会，但预计2022年城市空气环境将会大有改善。
The skiing events will be held in the mountains of Zhangjiakou in Hebei, one of China's most polluted provinces. In the arid region, the ultimate challenge is to make snow for the duration of the Winter Games.
山区的滑雪活动将在中国污染最严重的省份之一河北张家口举行,。在干旱的地区,最终的挑战是在持续的冬季奥运会期间制造雪。
In Sochi, Russia stockpiled snow. Beijing aims to manufacture most of the snow in an environmentally friendly way. The IOC has suggested that Beijing may be overestimating its supplies and underestimating the water needed to make snow, but it believes "adequate water for Games needs could be supplied".
在俄罗斯索契囤积了雪。北京的目标是以环保的方式生产的大部分雪。国际奥委会曾暗示，北京可能高估其供应或者低估了制造雪需要的水,但它相信 “可以为冬季奥运会提供足够的水”。
The 2022 Olympics rely on efforts to clean the air with long-term regional solutions. In that sense, the stakes are high both for Beijing and the IOC.In addition to costs and environment, the IOC's decision to make Beijing the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics has been criticized. But given the fact that one in every five people in the world lives in China, Beijing's role as the host of both games is hardly surprising.
2022奥运会需要长期的解决方案来净化空气。从这个意义上说,对北京和国际奥委会赌注是很高的。除了成本和环境,国际奥委会的使北京成为第一个举办了夏季和冬季奥运会的城市的决定受到了批评。但由于世界上每五个人就有一个人住在中国,北京作为两个奥运会东道主的角色就不足为奇了。
Some skeptics also argue that many Beijing and Zhangjiakou residents opposed the Games. Yet in December 2014, the IOC's independent public poll on Beijing's bid showed overwhelming support for the games in Beijing (88 percent), Hebei (93 percent) and China overall (92 percent).
一些怀疑论者也争论北京和张家口的许多居民反对这个奥运会。然而,2014年12月,国际奥委会对北京申奥的独立民意调查显示，民众对奥运会的广泛支持，在北京占88%，河北93%，全国92%。
Ever since the first games in France in 1924, the Winter Olympics have not been immune to scandals and controversies, from allegations of bribery and doping to Cold War politics. Yet, for nine long decades, these games were held mainly in advanced economies, while several countries - including Switzerland, the US and Japan - hosted them twice, or more.
自从1924年第一届奥运会在法国举办以来,冬季奥运会已经没有受到诽谤和争论的影响，排除了贿赂指控和冷战政策的刺激。然而,九十年过去了,这些奥运会主要在发达经济发达的国家举办,而一些国家——包括瑞士、美国和日本已经举办了两次,甚至更多。
In the past few years criticisms seem to have become more pointed. Perhaps one reason for the sharper tone is that Russia hosted the Winter Olympics in 2014, and the Republic of Korea and China will host the games in 2018 and 2022. Indeed, the Olympic torch is shifting from advanced countries to emerging economies, reflecting the shift of economic power from the West to emerging Asia.
在过去的几年里批评似乎变得更加尖锐。也许更清晰的基调的一个原因是,俄罗斯2014年举办冬季奥运会,中国和韩国将于2018年和2022年举办冬季奥运会。事实上,奥运火炬将从发达国家转移到发展中国家,反映出经济实力从西方转移到亚洲新兴市场。
In the past, the Winter Olympics were dominated by advanced economies. As emerging economies join in, the games are gradually becoming truly global.
在过去,冬季奥运会是由发达国家主导。随着新兴经济体的加入,奥运会逐渐变为真正意义上的全球化。
