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2013年职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)真题附答案和解析

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第2部分:阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries
Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility(柔韧性)from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.
Most materials — especially the ones we engineer for strength — get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesn’t seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bonds, which are far weaker than the covalent(共价的)bonds found in other molecules.
To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals(纳米晶体)is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.
The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that’s all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).
By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes(纳米碳管), think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk — like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.
16.MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
17.Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
18.Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
19.If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they breakfast.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
20.The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
21.Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned
22.It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.
A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

重点单词   查看全部解释    
efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]

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n. 效率,功率

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relentless [ri'lentlis]

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adj. 无情的,冷酷的,残酷的

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territory ['teritəri]

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n. 领土,版图,领域,范围

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engaging [in'geidʒiŋ]

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adj. 动人的,迷人的,有魅力的

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fracture ['fræktʃə]

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n. 破碎,骨折
vt. 破碎,破裂

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complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]

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adj. 复杂的,难懂的
动词complica

 
bend [bend]

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v. 弯曲,使弯曲,屈服,屈从
n. 弯曲,弯

 
explosion [iks'pləuʒən]

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n. 爆炸,爆发,激增

 
screen [skri:n]

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n. 屏,幕,银幕,屏风
v. 放映,选拔,掩

 
devise [di'vaiz]

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vt. 设计,发明,遗赠给
n. 遗赠,

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