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The letters ough, when together in a word , are quite an interesting case in American English.
当字母OUGH组成一个单词时，在美式英语中是一个相当有趣的例子。
Sometimes they make a vowel sound, sometimes a diphthong sound, and sometimes a vowel and consonant sound.
OUGH有时发元音，有时发双元音，有时发元辅音的组合音。
First, the 'oh' as in 'no' diphthong.
首先，“no”这个单词里面有双元音əʊ。
For example, dough, thorough, although.
例如，dough，thorough，although。
I'm not going to go to the party, although my best friend is going to be there.
虽然我最好的朋友要去那里，但我不打算去参加聚会。
The next case is the 'ow' as in 'now' diphthong.
其次是“now”这个单词里面有双元音aʊ。
Samples of this case: bough, plough, drought.
例如：bough，plough，drought。
we lost our crop to the drought last year.
去年我们的庄稼因干旱而歉收。
Next: the 'oo' as in 'boo' vowel.
接下来是：“boo”这个单词里面有元音u:。
Through, throughout. I check my email throughout the day.
Through，throughout，我一整天都在查看电子邮件。
The 'aw' as in 'law' vowel sound.
“law”这个单词里面有元音ɔ:。
Thought, fought, bought. I bought it yesterday.
Thought，fought，bought。例句：我昨天买的。
Those are the four vowel or diphthong sounds.
这个例句中出现四个元音或双元音。
Now, there are three cases in which these four letters make a vowel sound plus a consonant sound.
现在有三种情况，四个字母OUGH会发单个元音加单个辅音的组合音。
In the first case it makes an 'ah' as in 'father' and F sound.
第一种情况，就拿father这个单词来举例，音标里面有元音ɑː加上清辅音/f/，
Cough, trough. I have a terrible cough and a headache.
Cough，trough。例句：我咳嗽得厉害，头痛得厉害。
It can also make the 'uh' as in 'butter' with the F consonant sound:
第二种情况就是也可以发“butter”这个单词中的元音/ʌ/加上清辅音/f/，例如：
rough, enough. That is enough roughhousing!
rough，enough。例句：别闹了！
And finally a word that is an alternate spelling, and as far as I know,
最后一种情况，据我所知，这个单词的拼法不一样，
this is the only case for this pronunciation of OUGH, and that is the word hiccough.
这个单词里的OUGH发音也是唯一的，就是hiccough这个单词。
It is more commonly spelled H-I-C-C-U-P, but it can be spelled with an OUGH.
通常拼写成H-I-C-C-U-P，但可以用OUGH来拼写。
And then it takes the schwa with the P sound. Hiccough, hiccough.
发弱央元音加上清辅音/p/的组合音。Hiccough，Hiccough。
I've had the hiccoughs for three hours.
我已经咳嗽了三个小时了。
So, to recap the 7 ways these 4 letters can be pronounced when together in a word are:
因此，总结一下这4个字母在一个单词中发音的7种方式是：
oh, ow, oo, aw, ah-ff, uh-ff, uh-pp.
əʊ，aʊ，u:，ɔ:，ɑːf，ʌf，əp
Though, bough, through, thought, cough, enough, hiccough.
Though，bough，through，thought，cough，enough，hiccough。
