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What's really got me irritated is that at this point, the vast majority of products on the market today cannot be repaired by any party without being totally dependent on the manufacturer.
但是有一点让我很生气，那就是，如今市场上有绝大部分产品，如果不完全依赖制造商，是不能被任何一方修复的。
And the day the manufacturer decides they don't want you to fix it, it's over.
而等到过了制造商规定的保修期后，一切都结束了。
This is a completely artificial problem.
这完全是人为因素。
Manufacturers used to provide comprehensive documentation and schematics and shipped it with every product.
过去制造商会提供所有书面材料，并把这些材料随产品一起发货。
It was expected that you could fix your stuff.
这是希望你自己解决修理问题。
Then once the internet allowed this documentation to be hosted online, manufacturers stopped printing, which made sense because printing was expensive.
后来互联网可以在线储存文件了，制造商就停止了纸质稿的寄送，这也可以理解，毕竟打印费还是比较贵的。
And then somewhere along the line, somebody said, "Ah, we need to know who's using our website."
然后某天，有个人说，“唉呀，我们要知道我们网站都有谁在用。”
So they demanded a login.
所以之后网站要求登录。
And then another bright light said, "Oh, we can charge."
之后又有人提了个点子说，“噢，我们可以要求收费。”
So they put up a paywall.
于是他们又设置了付费门槛。
And then a third bright light said, "We can't let anybody have this information at all. They might compete with us."
再然后有人提了第三个点子：“我们不能让其他人掌握这些信息，要不然他们会和我们抢生意的。”
And that's where we are today.
最后就变成了我们今天这样。
We can't get what we need to fix our stuff.
我们没办法得到可以修理我们物品的东西。
Now, I can tell you because I've had a front-row seat, this trend towards a throwaway economy is reversing all over the world.
而现在，我走在行业前沿所以可以告诉你们，这种一次性的经济趋势正在世界范围内发生逆转。
And it's really fun to be able to tell you about it.
我很高兴能告诉你们这些。
Back in 2014, we put forward our very first digital “Right to Repair” bill, and that became the template for dozens of other bills.
2014年，我们提出了首个数字“维修权”议案，而这也成为了其他很多议案的模板。
And this year, we've had 27 states take up the same legislation.
并且今年，已经有27个州有了相同的立法，
These bills are starting to pass.
通过了这些议案。
There's been a lot of help from the Federal Trade Commission and also the Biden administration, in saying we really, as a country, need to be able to fix our stuff, and we need competition for repair.
这多亏了美国贸易委员会和拜登政府的帮助支持。说真的，一个国家，不仅需要能够修复物品，还需要能以修复来竞争。
It's not just us, Canada and Australia have got similar processes underway.
不仅仅是我们，加拿大和澳大利亚也正在推进相似的进程。
The European Union has put forward a set of regulations that just took effect that are limiting the use of adhesives in the construction of products because if you can't get into the thing, you can't fix the thing.
欧盟也有一套法规刚开始实施：在产品制造中限制粘合剂的使用。因为如果你不能深入了解一件物品，那你就不能修复它。
France has yet another idea.
法国采取了另一种方式。
They are requiring manufacturers to rate themselves on their repairability, and then they are posting those scores for consumers to consider pre-purchase.
法国要求制造商在生产过程中对产品的可修理性进行评估打分，然后把这些分数附在产品上，以供消费者购买时参考。
There are groups forming up all over the world that help people repair stuff even without government or regulatory change.
世界各地都有组织，来帮助人们修理东西。即使没有政府监管或者监管变更。
You may have seen Repair Cafes advertised in your community.
你们可能看到了维修咖在社区里的广告。
That first Repair Cafe started in 2009 in Denmark.
丹麦在2009年建成了世界上的第一个维修咖。
There are now over 2,000 official chapters.
现今有超过 2000 家官方分店。
There are web sites, YouTube and a company called ifixit.com that hosts tens of thousands of repair tutorials to help people learn how to fix their stuff.
有网站，有推特账号，有一家叫做ifixit.com的公司，提供数万份的修复教程来帮助人们学习如何修理东西。
Last year, they recorded 116 million unique users on their website, so I think it's pretty clear people do want to fix their stuff.
去年，该公司网站约有 1.16 亿的独立用户记录，所以我们可以很清楚地看到，人们想要修好自己的东西。
So I'm very encouraged by the fact that our throwaway economy, the trend is reversing.
而且我很高兴的是我们的一次性经济趋势，正在逆转。
And we are going to be able to fix our stuff.
我们能够修理我们的东西，
We're going to be able to use the things we want in the way that we want them.
我们能够以我们想要的方式使用我们想要的东西。
We will be able to cross the digital divide, and we will have more jobs, and we will all get that great “Yes! I fixed it!” feeling.
我们能够跨越数字鸿沟，我们能够创造更多工作机会，我们能够体会“太棒了！我修好了！”的感觉。
So the next time something around you breaks, don't take "broken" for an answer.
所以下次你们有东西坏了时，不要默认它报废了。
Go fix something.
去修修看吧。
Thank you.
谢谢大家。
