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In South Korea, Park Chung-hee mixing economic progress with an iron fist.
在韩国，朴诚赫将经济发展与铁腕政策相结合。
In the Philippines, in Indonesia, corrupt kleptocrats Ferdinand Marcos and Sukarno were plundering the nation's treasuries.
在菲律宾，在印度尼西亚，腐败统治者费迪南德·马科斯和苏加诺正在掠夺国家的国库。
To say nothing of the madhouse in North Korea.
更不用说朝鲜这个疯人院了。
It was a time of strongmen, the powerful rulers who dominated their nations.
那是一个强人统治国家的时代。
But not all of them would be awful.
但并不是所有强者都很糟糕。
On a tiny island at the south of the Malay Peninsula, one man would forge a different kind of regime.
在马来半岛南部的一个小岛上，有一个人建立了一个不同的政权。
A hybrid that would mix authoritarianism with democracy, oppressive laws with staggering wealth, free market capitalism with state control.
这是一个将权力主义与民主、暴虐的法律与惊人的财富、自由市场资本主义与国家控制相结合的混合政体。
Known as Lee Kuan Yew, he would create modern Singapore.
也就是李光耀，他创造了现代新加坡。
Coming to power at the end of the colonial era, Lee inherited a Singapore still ruined by war and riven with poverty and ethnic divisions.
李光耀是在殖民时代末期上台的，他接手的新加坡仍然被战争摧毁，被贫穷和种族分裂撕裂。
Yet he somehow managed to transform it into one of the richest, safest nations on earth.
然而，他设法把该国变成了世界上最富有、最安全的国家之一。
Controversial in his methods, brilliant in his results, this is the story of Singapore's father.
他的方法充满争议，但他的成果却很出色，这就是新加坡之父的故事。
Given that he's now famous for championing Singaporean independence, it can be a surprise to discover just how much Lee Kuan Yew benefited from British rule.
鉴于他现在因倡导新加坡独立而闻名，我们可能会惊讶地发现，李光耀从英国统治中获益良多。
When he was born on September, 16th, 1923, it wasn't into a world of poverty and depression but into a family embedded among the colonial elite.
1923年9月16日，他出生在一个殖民精英家庭，而不是一个贫穷和萧条的世界，而是进入了一个扎根于殖民地精英阶层的家庭。
As a fourth generation straight Chinese, the Lee's were part of an ethnic group who'd come to control the British colony decades before mixing their culture with that of both the local Malay and the ruling British .
作为第四代直系华人，李氏家族是一个族群的一部分，他们几十年前控制了这个英国殖民地，并将自己的文化与当地的马来人和英国统治者的文化混合在一起。
For Lee, that meant growing up in a mostly English-speaking environment until he was an adult nearly, everyone he knew called him Harry Lee.
对李光耀来说，这意味着他在一个以英语为主要语言的环境中长大，直到他长大成人，他认识的每个人都叫他哈利·李。
It also meant growing up in relative comfort with his solidly middle-class parents.
这也意味着他在相对舒适的环境中成长，父母都是坚定的中产阶级。
Lee was able to attend the Raffles Institution, an elite school named after the port city's British founder.
李光耀得以进入莱佛士学院就读，这是一所以这座港口城市的英国创始人命名的精英学校。
But while he was certainly pampered, young Harry Lee wasn't just coasting through life
虽然他养尊处优，但年轻的哈里·李并不是在虚度光阴。
Although undoubtedly part of the elite, the boy's family came from the lower rungs of the privileged ladder.
虽然这个男孩的家庭毫无疑问属于精英阶层，但他来自特权阶层的下层。
Less the one percent and more the struggling to get into the one percent
离1%差一点，多一点努力久能进入那1%的人。
This gave him a drive many of his peers lack to drive to prove his worth.
这让他拥有了许多同行所缺乏的动力，去证明自己的价值。
When lee graduated in 1939, it wasn't just at the head of his class, but ahead of any other student in the whole colony of British malaya.
1939年，李光耀毕业时，他不仅在班里名列前茅，而且在整个英属马来亚殖民地的学生中名列前茅。
It was a vintage piece of Lee Kuan Yew, a combination of searing intelligence, extreme determination, but also a desire to show off to prove he was better than anyone else and it worked.
这是李光耀的辉煌时刻，集敏锐的智慧、极端的决心和炫耀的欲望于一身，证明自己比任何人都优秀，而且成功了。
That far Lee planned to go to study at a prestigious university in England, just the first step on a short staircase that would take him to the top of the colonial administration.
他打算去英国的一所名牌大学学习，这只是他登上殖民政府顶峰的第一步。
But you know, what they say about the best laid plans of mice and men.
但你知道，俗话说人鼠之间的最佳计划。
While the arrival of World War II was about to do to Lee's plans what a sadistic cat does to a helpless mouse.
而第二次世界大战的到来，就像一只虐待狂的猫对一只无助的老鼠一样，将李光耀的计划付之东流。
The Eruption of conflict in Europe forced the ambitious young man to stay put in Singapore, trading England's green and pleasant land for a scholarship at Raffles college.
欧洲冲突的爆发迫使这个雄心勃勃的年轻人留在新加坡，用英格兰的绿色和宜人的土地换取莱佛士学院的奖学金。
It wasn't all a bust, it was while studying that Lee met his future wife lawsuit and Kwa Geok Choo.
并不是所有都遭到了猛烈打击，在学习期间，李光耀遇到了他未来的妻子柯玉芝。
On the other hand, it also meant that he was still in Singapore in early 1942 when the Japanese imperial army came rolling in.
另一方面，这也意味着1942年初日本皇军进入该国的时候，他还在新加坡。
The Battle of Singapore began on February, the 8th, after the fall of mainland British Malay.
在英属马来亚沦陷之后，新加坡之战开始于2月8日。
By now, the colonial authorities had destroyed the bridges to the islands and concentrated their forces of tens of thousands of troops.
此时，殖民当局已经摧毁了通往岛屿的桥梁，并集中了数万人的部队。
With the added advantage of a defensive ring of heavy guns, they theoretically could have kept the Japanese at bay.
再加上重炮围成的防御圈，理论上他们可以牵制住日本人。
In the end though, they barely managed to hold them off for a week despite an order from Churchill to keep fighting.
最后，尽管丘吉尔下令继续战斗，他们还是勉强拖延了一个星期。
Singapore's governor surrendered on February, the 15th, at which point the imperial army did what it did best and launched a campaign of mass murder.
新加坡总督于2月15日投降，此时帝国军队尽其所能，发动了一场大规模屠杀。
As a straight Chinese, the Japanese occupation was an odd time for Lee.
作为一个纯正的华人，日本占领时期对李光耀来说是一个奇怪的时期。
On the one hand, the Japanese were actively hunting down and killing Chinese people on the island.
一方面，日本人在岛上大肆追捕和杀害华人。
One time, Lee was nearly caught by a death squad, another he was interrogated and humiliated..
一次，李光耀差点被一个敢死队抓住，另一次他被审问和羞辱。
On the other hand, he was also part of the elite.
另一方面，他也是精英的一份子。
The Japanese still needed to run their new territory.
日本人仍然需要管理他们的新领土。
Once the chaos of the invasion was over, family connections managed to get him a job at the imperial news agency Dumay, where he quickly learned Japanese.
入侵的混乱结束后，他的家族关系设法为他在帝国通讯社杜迈谋得一份工作，在那里他很快学会了日语。
What he was really doing there remains uncertain.
他到底在那里做什么还不清楚。
In the closing days of the war, Lee was suddenly forced to go into hiding.
在战争的最后几天，李光耀突然被迫躲藏起来。
It's been speculated that he was passing information onto British intelligence and may have been discovered.
据推测，他在向英国情报部门传递情报，可能被发现了。
Whatever the truth, Lee managed to stay underground until the danger had passed .
不管真相如何，李光耀设法待在地下，直到危险过去
On the 12th of September, 1945, British forces liberated Singapore.
1945年9月12日，英国军队解放了新加坡。
Yet Lee didn't exactly welcome them back with open arms.
但李光耀并没有张开双臂欢迎他们回来。
The easy surrender of Singapore had left many on the island with a bitter taste in their mouths.
新加坡的轻易投降给岛上的许多人留下了苦涩的印象。
From seeing himself as part of the colonial elite, he had now gone to seeing the brits as people who abandoned his home in a tower of need.
他不再把自己看作是殖民地精英的一员，而是把英国人看作是抛弃了他的家的急需的人。
As Lee himself later wrote the war had left him determined "that no one--neither the Japanese nor the British--had the right to push and kick us around".
正如李光耀后来写道的那样，战争让他下定决心，“任何人——无论是日本人还是英国人——都没有权利对我们推搡和踢踢。”
