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So what we can see is there are three categories of these interactions.
我们能看到，存在三种相互作用的类型。
Some that drain our capacity or our ability to get done what we need to get done.
有些会耗尽我们的能力，让我们无法完成我们需要完成的事情。
Some that hit us emotionally and have an impact on us, either in terms of feeling anxiety or other elements like that.
有些会在情感上打击我们，对我们产生消极影响，要么是焦虑感，要么是其他类似的东西。
And then some that just challenge our identity and slowly move us away from the person that we set out to be in the beginning, all of which are happening in small moments day to day, week to week that accumulate over time.
还有一些只是挑战着我们的身份，慢慢地让我们偏离我们最初设定的那个人，所有这些都发生在日复一日，周复一周的每个瞬间，随着时间推移慢慢累积。
Through your research, what did you find about the real concrete impacts of microstresses for people in their professional and personal lives?
通过研究，关于微压力对人们职业和个人生活的真正具体影响，你有什么发现？
Some really phenomenal things.
有一些现象级的发现。
We actually found studies that were showing that if people consume a meal within two hours of being under this form of social stress, they actually metabolize that meal by adding 104 calories to it.
事实上，我们发现有研究表明，如果人们在这种形式的社会压力下进食两小时，人们实际上会增加104卡路里的热量来代谢这顿饭。
And 104 calories it may not sound like a lot, but if you extrapolate that out through a year, that turned out to be 11 pounds in that specific study.
在那个特定研究中，104卡路里可能听起来不多，但如果你推算一年的热量，结果就会变成11磅。
And so we see a lot of things physically that are hitting us in different ways, higher blood pressure, all sorts of elements like that.
我们观察到，身体以不同的方式影响着我们，高血压，以及诸如此类的各种因素。
And then the stories that we heard, we did hundreds of interviews behind this, but the stories were really profound.
我们收集了无数故事，做了数百个采访，这些故事真的很深刻。
I mean, most people, highly successful people had periods of 3, 5, 8 years in their lives where they were just executing in a given system and slowly got pulled into that and lost other things that were keeping them whole.
我是说，大多数人，顶级成功人士生命中有3年、5年、8年的时间是在一个给定的系统中执行，慢慢进入这个系统，失去了其他保持他们完整的东西。
Their hobbies, their activities, their friendship groups, their religious community, musical aspirations took all forms.
他们的爱好、活动、社交小组、宗教团体、音乐抱负等各种形式。
So it had a profound effect on the trajectory of people’s lives, not because of one big moment, not a big health scare, not a nasty boss, but because of the accumulation of the small that flies under the radar screen.
微压力对人们的生活轨迹产生了深远的影响。不是一个重要时刻，一个严重的健康恐慌，一个讨厌的老板，而是那些稀松平常的小事情的积累导致的。
And Karen, this idea of microstress is building up into something bigger. Is that what we think of as burnout?
凯伦，微压力正在构建一个更大的概念。这就是我们所说的精神疲倦吗?
I think it’s certainly contributing to burnout because the reality is that we are all faced with dozens of microstresses in a given day, and we’re always finding ourselves in what we call reactive posture.
我认为这肯定会导致精疲力竭，因为现实情况是，我们每天都面临着几十个微压力，我们总是发现自己处于所谓的被动反应状态中。
We’re responding to things, catching up, figuring out which balls we can drop, not how we do our best at our work or in our life in some ways.
我们做出反应，迎头赶上，找出我们可以放弃的选择，而不是我们如何在工作或生活中做到最好。
And microstresses, you don’t see them, you don’t recognize them, but they are really grinding you down.
微压力，你看不见，也识别不了，但它们真的在折磨你。
So absolutely it plays a significant role in burnout.
微压力在精神疲倦中扮演着重要的角色。
The key thing is that people don’t recognize it so that they don’t know why they’re feeling so fried and burned out.
关键是人们没有意识到这一点，所以，人们也不知道他们会感到头昏脑涨和精疲力竭的原因。
They’re busy, it’s hectic, but they can’t point their finger to anything.
人们紧张忙碌，但却无法对任何事指指点点。
It’s like if you ever tried to explain how one email came to you during your day and it sent you off on a wild goose chase for 45 minutes, tracking something down, coordinating with other people, that sounds silly to talk about when you get home at night with your spouse or with your friends,
这就像，你试着解释你一天中的一封电子邮件是怎么来的，你花45分钟一番大搜索却徒劳无果，继续查找，找到人后与其协调。你晚上回家和你的配偶或朋友谈论这些事情时，又觉得说这些很蠢。
But that’s just one of probably dozens of microstresses that you had to face during that day that really does play a significant role in burnout.
但这只是你一天中必须面对的几十种微压力中的一种，但这些微压力确实在让人感觉精神疲倦中起着重要作用。
