【新闻精讲】

Climate change may be partly to blame for the massive die-off of pine trees in the western U.S. But it works the other way, too: forest die-offs can alter the global climate.
美国西部松树大规模死亡，部分原因可能要归咎于气候变化。但是，反过来也说的通：森林灭绝可以改变全球气候。

Massive强调非常大的
例：There was evidence of massive fraud.
有证据表明是巨额欺诈。
Die-off = extinct 绝种的
例：At the current rate of decline, many of the rain forest animals could become extinct in less than 10 years.
按照目前的下降速度，许多雨林动物不到十年就会绝种。
the other way 反之
We know, all of us, that open trade works better than the other way around.
我们所有人都知道，开放贸易比相反的贸易方式更有效。

"I like thinking of this as a parallel to something like El Nino." Abigail Swann, an ecological climatologist at the University of Washington.
“我喜欢将这看作是类似厄尔尼诺的现象。”阿比盖尔•斯万是华盛顿大学的生态气候学家

Parallel
1. 类似的事情
例：Readers familiar with military conflict will find a vague parallel to the Vietnam War.
熟悉军事冲突的读者们会发现一个和越南战争大致相似的事件。
2. 与…同时发生
例：Often there are emotional reasons paralleling the financial ones.
经济原因的常常伴有情感原因。
3，平行的
例：...seventy-two ships, drawn up in two parallel lines.
…72艘船，停靠成两条平行线。

"We think these are also going to have climate impacts far away from where those forests are dying. So it's going to ricochet in other places around the globe."
“我们认为这也会对远离森林灭绝的地方产生影响。所以，也会在全球其他地区产生反弹

Impact
1. 影响
例：They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country. 他们说期望这次会议对国家的未来产生显著的影响。
2. 撞击; 撞击力
例：The plane is destroyed, a complete wreck: the pilot must have died on impact.
飞机被毁，完全成了一堆残骸：飞行员一定在撞击中丧生了。
Ricochet 反弹; 弹起
例：He was wounded in the shoulder by a ricochet.
他被一颗弹起的子弹打伤了肩膀。

To model those "ricochet" effects, Swann and her colleagues used climate simulations to wipe out forests and replace them with grasslands, in the western U.S., the Amazon, or both.
为了模拟“反弹”效应，斯万和她的同事在美国西部和亚马逊地区，利用气候模拟森林被毁灭然后用草原取而代之的情况。

Simulation
注意！Stimulate 刺激
模拟; 模拟结果
例： Training includes realistic simulation of casualty procedures.
训练包括伤亡处理程序的实际模拟。
wipe out 摧毁；毁灭；使灭绝；
例句：Wild pacific salmon are being wiped out.
野生太平洋大马哈鱼就要绝种了。

They found that losing forests in one part of the globe does indeed affect climate very far away.
他们发现，全球部分地区的森林消失确实会对气候变化产生深远影响。

Indeed
1. 表示确实强调
例：Later, he admitted that the payments had indeed been made.
后来，他承认说的确是付过款了。
2. (表示递进语气) 其实强调
例：We have nothing against diversity; indeed, we want more of it.
我们并不反对多样化；其实，我们希望有更多的多样化。
Affect very far away.= affect profoundly

"And that could be negative in a lot of places, it could be bad for the ecosystems in another places, but you could come up with scenarios where it makes the conditions a little bit better."
“同时，这会对很多地区造成负面影响，森林消失会影响生态系统，但是你可以提出解决方案使情况变得好一些。”

come up with 想出，提出(计划、想法等)；
例句：The programmer come up with a solution to the system problem.
程序员想出了一个解决系统问题的办法。
Scenario
设想; 可能的情况 => 方案情节
例：The conflict degenerating into civil war is everybody's nightmare scenario.
这场冲突恶化成内战成为每个人的恶梦。

For example, killing off trees in western North America leads to cooler temps globally. That outcome means lower productivity in Siberian forests—a negative. It also dries up forests in the Carolinas—another negative.
比如，北美西部地区的树木死亡会导致全球温度变冷。这个后果意味着西伯利亚森林的生产率会降低，这是其中一个负面影响。这还会使卡罗莱纳州的森林枯竭，这是另外一个负面影响。

kill off 全部杀死；灭绝；
例句：Their natural predators have been killed off.
它们的天敌被全部杀死。
Temp 温度
Outcome 结果
例：Mr. Green said he was pleased with the outcome.
格林先生说他对此结果感到满意
dry up (使)枯萎；(使)干透；
例句：The small brook nearly dried up.
这条小河沟几乎干涸了。

But conditions will get wetter in eastern South America—a positive for the forests there. The results are in the journal PLoS ONE.
但是，南美州东部地区的气候会变得更加湿润，这是积极影响。该研究结果发表在《公共科学图书馆•综合》期刊上。

Condition
1. 状况
例：He remains in a critical condition in a California hospital.
他在加利福尼亚的一家医院里，仍处于危急的状况。
2. 条件
例：It's easy to make a wrong turn here even under ideal weather
即使在非常理想的天气条件下，也很容易在这里拐错弯。
3. 环境
例：People are living in appalling conditions.
人们生活在极其恶劣的环境中。

One surprise, though, was that when researchers erased forests in both the Amazon and the western U.S.—it had an unpredictable, synergistic effect on global climate.
但是令人惊奇的是，当研究人将亚马逊地区和美国西部地区的森林都清除以后，对全球气候造成了不可预测的协同效应。“

Erase = clear
抹去; 消除
例：They are desperate to erase the memory of that last defeat.
他们急于抹去上次失败的记忆。
Synergistic = Synergy
协同作用 (The interaction of two or more agents or forces so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects. )
例：Of course, there's quite obviously a lot of synergy between the two companies.
当然，这两家公司之间显然有许多的协同作用。

"If we were to think about forest management around the globe, it really suggests we should manage in a coordinated manner rather than independent entities.
这表明，如果我们从全球范围考虑森林管理，我们应该以协调方式进行管理，而不是将其视为独立实体。

Coordinate
1. 协调 (If you coordinate an activity, you organize the various people and things involved in it.)
例：Government officials visited the earthquake zone on Thursday morning to coordinate the relief effort.
政府官员星期四上午视察了地震灾区以协调救灾工作。
2. 搭配 (衣服、饰品)
例：She'll show you how to coordinate pattern and colours.
她会向你展示如何搭配款式和颜色。
3, 坐标
例：Can you give me your coordinates?
能给我你的坐标吗？

Because the climate response to these changes in forest cover is going to be a function of all of them happening at the same time."
因为气候对于森林植被变化所产生的反应就像是同时发生的作用。”

forest cover 森林覆盖
function
1. 作用
例：The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry.
各投资银行的主要作用是为产业筹集资金。
serve a function of 产生作用
The club serves a useful function as a meeting place.
2. 宴会; 社交聚会
例：...a private function hosted by one of his students
由他的一个学生做东的一场私人宴会。

We do do that to some extent—like managing tropical deforestation through the U.N. But this study suggests we need to keep it up, and do even better, if we want to see the global forest for the trees.
我们也在某种程度上这样做过，例如，通过联合国管理热带森林砍伐。但是，该研究表明，如果我们想看到长满树木的全球森林，那我们就要坚持下去，而且要做得更好。

to some extent
= to some degree 某种程度
To some extent, this will happen in South America as well.
在某种程度上，南美洲也会发生相同的情形。
keep up 继续做（或提供）；
例句：You can't keep up the pretense any longer.
你无法继续伪装下去了。