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Hello. I'm John Russell.
大家好，我是约翰·罗素。
Today, let's continue our talk about consonant sounds in American English.
今天，让我们继续谈论美式英语中辅音的发音。
When we talk about consonants, we are talking about some kind of obstruction in the airflow.
我们谈论辅音时，谈论到了发音时对气流的阻碍。
In American English, there are about six different places inside the mouth where this obstruction takes place.
在美式英语中，大约有六个位置会发生气流阻塞。
Some pronunciation experts call these places, the places of articulation.
一些发音专家称这些地方为发音的地方。
Don't worry too much about the term.
不要太担心这个术语。
The basic idea is this:
基本观点是：
the obstruction can take place at the teeth, just behind the teeth, a little further behind the teeth, in an area called the "hard palate".
气流阻塞可以发生在牙齿上，就在牙齿后面，稍微远一点，在一个叫做“硬腭”的区域。
At the back of the mouth, the soft palate.
在口腔后部，软腭。
At the back of the throat.
喉咙后面。
And further down in your throat.
喉咙深部。
In addition to the six places inside the mouth, you also need to consider a place outside your mouth, your lips.
除了嘴巴内部的六个地方，你还需要考虑嘴巴之外的一个地方，你的嘴唇。
The consonant sounds of American English involve blocking air at the places I just described.
美式英语的辅音发音会在我刚才提到的位置阻塞气流。
Sounds such as /ze/ as in that, /si/ as in think, /t/ as in tomorrow, /p/ as in parade, /b/ as in bat are just a few examples.(注:此处音标写法为便于编辑，正确写法见视频)
例如that里面的/ze/音，think里面的/si/音，tomorrow里面的/t/音，parade里面的/p/音，bat里面的/b/音就是一些气流产生阻塞的例子。（注：此处音标写法为便于编辑，正确写法见视频）
The art of pronouncing consonants in American English, at least in part, is in developing the ability to block air at specific places.
在一定程度上，在美式英语中发好辅音的声音就要发展在特定的位置阻塞气流的能力。
Some of the places may be familiar to you from your native language.
一些位置可能和你的母语发音位置相似。
But others may not exist in your native language.
但有一些发音位置在你的母语中从来没出现过。
In future episodes, we will explore these ideas in greater detail.
在以后的节目中，我们将更详细地探讨这些想法。
Keep up the good work.
继续加油吧。
